From Temples to Theaters: Unveiling the Layers of Life in Classical Greece and Rome through Architectural Typologies

Abstract

This research comprehensively explores the architectural legacies of Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, delving into the innovative concepts of order in Greek architecture and the classical orders of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The Parthenon, an iconic Greek temple, serves as an exemplar of these orders, highlighting aesthetic and structural ideals. Beyond temples, Greek architecture embraces diverse typologies like marketplaces, theaters, palaestrae, bouleuterions, and auditoriums. Shifting focus to Roman civilization renowned for grandeur and gladiatorial spectacles, the paper examines architectural contributions and monumental structures, exemplified by the Pantheon's innovative material usage and dome construction. The exploration extends to various Roman typologies, including theaters, amphitheaters, thermae, and aqueducts, revealing the multifaceted nature of Roman urban planning. Chronologically tracing Greek architectural evolution, the paper examines the Parthenon's construction and refinements. Greek typologies such as theaters, agora, stoae, palaestra, and bouleuterion are scrutinized for cultural significance and civic importance. Transitioning to Roman architectural developments, the paper highlights contributions, innovations, and monumental structures defining Roman civilization. Roman thermae and aqueducts emerge as engineering marvels, underscoring sophistication in public spaces. Surviving structures in the Roman Forum symbolize Roman achievements. This exploration aims to unravel intricate connections between the built environment and socio-cultural, political, and economic dynamics in both ancient societies. The legacy of Greek and Roman architecture, seen in temples, public spaces, and cultural hubs, leaves an indelible mark on history, offering insights into collective identities and aspirations of classical antiquity. Key Words: Architectural Legacies, Classical Orders, Greek Typologies, Roman Urban Planning, Socio-cultural Dynamics