From Space to Time in Tenses in Kiksht

Abstract

1 This article began with the problem and hypothesis presented in 5, while I was working on Wasco-Wishram with Hiram Smith and Philip Kahclamet at Warm Springs Reservation, Oregon in the summer of 1956. The idea was developed into the initial substantive section (2) and was the springboard for a paper written while I was a fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in 1957-58 (Dell Hymes, On Chinookan Cognitive Style [1958]). The general account of a cognitive style in that paper, including mention of the analysis of the tense system, was summarized in section 5 of Dell Hymes, On Topology of Cognitive Styles in Language (with examples from Chinookan), AnthropologicalLinguistics 3, no. 1 (1961): 38-41; but the paper as a whole has remained unpublished. It is fortunate that this contribution of mine to Chinookan grammar should be published to honor a scholar who knew Sapir, Walter Dyk, and Philip Kahclamet and whose contribution to the tradition in which they worked is so universally esteemed. 2 E. H. Sturtevant, An Introduction to Linguistic Science (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1947), p. 58; and Harry Hoijer, Some Problems of American Indian Linguistic Research, University of California Publications in Linguistics 10 (1954): 10. 3 Mary R. Haas, Ablaut and Its Function in Muskogee, Language 16 (1940): 141-50.