Abstract
We follow an Al-12 at. pct Cu alloy sample from the liquid state to mechanical failure, using in situ X-ray radiography during directional solidification and tensile testing, as well as three-dimensional computed tomography of the microstructure before and after mechanical testing. The solidification processing stage is simulated with a multi-scale dendritic needle network model, and the micromechanical behavior of the solidified microstructure is simulated using voxelized tomography data and an elasto-viscoplastic fast Fourier transform model. This study demonstrates the feasibility of direct in situ monitoring of a metal alloy microstructure from the liquid processing stage up to its mechanical failure, supported by quantitative simulations of microstructure formation and its mechanical behavior.
Highlights
PROGRESS in understanding the links between processing routes, microstructures, properties, and performance of structural technological materials depends on our ability to observe materials in situ throughout their life cycle, and to quantitatively simulate these individual links.In terms of in situ imaging, the use of X-ray radiography and computed tomography has spread rapidly within most branches of materials science within the past two decades.[1]
We have used in situ X-ray radiography to image directional solidification processing and tensile testing of the as-solidified sample, as well as microfocus X-ray micro- and nanotomography to image the sample before and after mechanical testing, respectively
We used a multi-scale dendritic needle network (DNN) approach for dendritic solidification, and an elasto-viscoplastic fast Fourier transform (EVPFFT) approach accounting for a voxelized description of the microstructure to simulate tensile testing
Summary
In terms of in situ imaging, the use of X-ray radiography and computed tomography has spread rapidly within most branches of materials science within the past two decades.[1] These techniques are relevant to metallic alloys, and have been extensively employed in solidification processing,[2,3,4,5] three-dimensional (3D) rendering of microstructures and their evolution,[2] and in experimental mechanics.[6] X-ray. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A imaging, in particular 3D tomography, has reached a sufficient level of maturity to be capable of providing quantitative measurements.[7]. Solidification processing of metallic alloys (and in particular aluminum-based alloys) has been thoroughly investigated using two-dimensional (2D) radiography of thin sample experiments, often in controlled directional solidification conditions.[8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22] Resulting studies shed light onto mechanisms such as morphological transitions,[8,9,10,11] dendritic and eutectic growth,[11,12,13,14,15] dendritic fragmentation,[16,17,18,19,20] gravity-induced buoyancy and solute transport,[15,16,17,20,21] and the formation of major solidification defects such as freckles.[21,22]
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