From Screens to Surveys: Exploring Pakistan's Smog Crisis through Media Analysis and Healthcare Perspectives

Abstract

Aim of the Study: This research aims to comprehensively understand the multifaceted impact of smog on public health and the role of media coverage in shaping public perception in the context of Pakistan's smog crisis. Methodology: Utilizing framing theory and agenda-setting theory, this study employs content analysis of 69 news clips from three major news channels—City 42, SAMAA TV, and ARY News—to investigate their reporting patterns on smog-related issues. Additionally, 20 semi-structured interviews with medical professionals provide deeper insights into the medical perspective on smog's health impacts, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures. Findings: The study reveals the significant impact of smog on public health, with media coverage playing a crucial role in shaping public perception. While government initiatives and academic seminars contribute to awareness, media coverage often lacks depth and accuracy, potentially biasing public understanding of smog-related risks. Conclusion: The findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive and accurate media coverage to address the smog crisis effectively. Recommendations include enhancing media literacy, fostering collaboration between media outlets and healthcare professionals, and promoting evidence-based reporting to raise public awareness and foster informed decision-making.