Abstract
Roads are important for many urban planning applications, such as traffic modelling and delivery vehicle routing. At present, most available datasets represent roads only as centrelines. This is particularily true for OpenStreetMap which provides, among many features, road networks at worldwide coverage. Furthermore, most approaches for creating more detailed networks, such as carriageways or lanes, focus on doing so from sources that are not easy to acquire, such as satellite imagery or LiDAR scans. In this paper we present a methodology to create carriageways based on OpenStreetMap's centrelines and open access areal representations (i.e. polygons) to determine which roads should be represented as two individual carriageways. We applied our methodology in five areas across four different countries with different built environments. We analysed the outcome in a delivery routing problem to evaluate the validity of our results. Our results suggest that this method can be effectively applied to create carriageways anywhere in the world, as long as there is sufficient coverage by OpenStreetMap and an areal representation dataset of roads.
Highlights
Roads are a significant aspect of the built environment and are an important consideration for urban planners. They are an essential input in a variety of applications including urban traffic modelling [1], cycle accident analysis [2], vehicle routing [3], and municipal road maintenance, including: de-icing, weed control, road markings and road lighting [4]
We identified that for our datasets the percentage corresponds to the combined length of centrelines inside polygons related to the overall length of centrelines that overlap with the underlying polygons is around 70%
This work was based on a balancing act of dealing with such deviant cases and adjusting for others, sometimes at a small cost to aesthetics (Fig 12)
Summary
Roads are a significant aspect of the built environment and are an important consideration for urban planners. They are an essential input in a variety of applications including urban traffic modelling [1], cycle accident analysis [2], vehicle routing [3], and municipal road maintenance, including: de-icing, weed control, road markings and road lighting [4]. The results of the analysis indicated that there is no “onesize-fits-all” solution to road modelling. This is inline with other city objects, like buildings [7]. An important aspect of designing as solution for a particular application consists of selecting or preparing data at the appropriate representation level
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