Abstract
Abstract. Regional seismic risk assessment is paramount in earthquake-prone areas, for instance, to define and implement prioritisation schemes for earthquake risk reduction. As part of the Indonesia School Programme to Increase Resilience (INSPIRE), this paper proposes an ad hoc rapid-visual-survey form, allowing one to (1) calculate the newly proposed INSPIRE seismic risk prioritisation index, which is an empirical proxy for the relative seismic risk of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings within a given building portfolio; (2) calculate the Papathoma Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment (PTVA) index, in any of its variations; (3) define one or more archetype buildings representative of the analysed portfolio; (4) derive detailed numerical models of the archetype buildings, provided that the simulated design is used to cross-check the model assumptions. The proposed INSPIRE index combines a baseline score, calibrated based on fragility curves, and a performance modifier, calibrated through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to minimise subjectivity. An attempt to define a multi-hazard prioritisation scheme is proposed, combining the INSPIRE and PTVA indices. Such a multi-level framework is implemented for 85 RC school buildings in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, the most affected city by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake–tsunami sequence. As part of the proposed framework, two archetype buildings representative of the entire portfolio are defined based on the collected data. Their seismic performance is analysed by means of non-linear static analyses, using both the analytical simple lateral mechanism analysis (SLaMA) method and numerical finite-element pushover analyses to investigate the expected plastic mechanisms and derive displacement/drift thresholds to define appropriate damage states. Finally, non-linear dynamic analyses are performed to derive fragility curves for the archetype buildings. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the INSPIRE data collection form and proposed index in providing a rational method to derive seismic risk prioritisation schemes and in allowing the definition of archetype buildings for more detailed evaluations/analyses.
Highlights
Regional seismic risk assessment is paramount in highly earthquake-prone areas
Indonesia School Programme to Increase Resilience (INSPIRE) looks to develop an advanced, harmonised and science-based risk assessment framework for school infrastructure in Indonesia subjected to cascading earthquake–tsunami hazards
This paper introduces the INSPIRE index, which is an empirical proxy for the relative seismic risk of buildings within a given building portfolio and allows us to define prioritisation schemes for risk-mitigation measures
Summary
Regional seismic risk assessment is paramount in highly earthquake-prone areas. in several countries around the world, a large portion of the building stock has been designed and/or constructed according to obsolete structural codes, which include little-to-no provisions for earthquake resistance and detailing. Uva et al, 2016) These approaches rely on various assumptions, such simplified methods provide valuable proxies to develop prioritisation schemes (i.e. performing a ranking of the buildings in a given portfolio based on their relative vulnerability or risk-related metrics). Given the low amount of information required, such methods do not allow one to further refine the analysis, providing a more detailed, second-level seismic risk assessment Those methods mostly refer to seismic hazard, which in some countries might not be enough for the development of a rational multi-hazard prioritisation scheme. Consistently with the proposed multi-level framework, a detailed analytical and numerical seismic fragility assessment is provided for the identified archetype school building, demonstrating the effectiveness of the INSPIRE RVS form in providing inputs and allowing more detailed analyses
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