Abstract
Abstract Brazilian scientists have played a pioneering role in developing and applying stable isotope methodologies, in terms of natural abundance and enriched levels, to trace carbon and nutrient flows in terrestrial ecosystems, including natural and agroecosystems. Significant contributions have been made in the areas of biological N2 fixation, carbon dynamics in soil, synthesis and evaluation of labeled fertilizers, and food science. These contributions have originated from several decentralized units of Embrapa, from research institutions, and from federal or state universities. In order to capitalize the existing Brazilian expertise, it is necessary to provide, at an institutional level, analytical facilities for stable isotope research, aiming to strengthen national capacity and to maintain the international competitiveness of the research.
Highlights
The Brazilian climate is predominantly tropical and subtropical, in marked contrast to the temperate or colder regions of Europe and North America
In an attempt to overcome the obvious limitations of such an approach, an in situ method based on 15N natural abundance was proposed by Perin et al (2006), who estimated that corn following sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) green manure derived 15% of its grain N content from N2 fixed by the preceding sunn hemp crop
There is an increasing awareness of the importance of stable isotope research in many branches of science, for which isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) is an essential piece of equipment that is best provided at institutional level
Summary
The Brazilian climate is predominantly tropical and subtropical, in marked contrast to the temperate or colder regions of Europe and North America. In the globalization era of agricultural products of plant and animal origin, the public is demanding accountability and authenticity of the external description on food and beverage packaging In this case, stable isotopes are being used to detect adulteration and to verify geographic origin and mode of production, such as organic vs conventional systems. The objective of this review was to highlight contributions that Brazilian science has made and continues to make to the global efforts to trace carbon and nutrient flows in terrestrial ecosystems; synthesize and evaluate the efficiency of labeled fertilizers; and authenticate foods and beverages. It is an overview of the significant accomplishments, seen through a small. These values are equivalent to the atom fraction of an element, x(iE), which is defined as the amount of a specified atom
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