From “not in my backyard” to “please in my backyard”: Transforming the local responses toward a waste-to-energy incineration project in China

Abstract

While investing in waste-to-energy (WTE) incineration facilities is conducive to promoting the circular economy and achieving energy transition, the Not-in-My-Backyard (NIMBY) conflict surrounding these projects has become prevalent in recent decades. Against this background, there is a noteworthy and counterintuitive phenomenon where previous opponents evolve into proponents, accepting and even embracing a previously resisted facility. We still know little about why and how this reversal of stance takes place, and this knowledge gap hinders our ability to effectively restore legitimacy and dispel misconceptions of some energy initiatives. To address this issue, we conducted an in-depth case study of the Jiufeng WTE incineration plant in China. Through this analysis, we traced the trajectory of how public opposition gradually dissipated and transformed into the Please-in-My-Backyard (PIMBY) responses. Our findings highlight the crucial role of meaning-making actions in dissipating radical boycott and the significance of providing substantive compensation in fostering a transition from mere acquiescence to active support. These insights will be helpful for project participants and authorities in addressing intractable environmental issues and meeting residents' demands.