Abstract
With the current paper three nano-Montmorillonites (nMt) are applied in cement nanohybrids: an organomodified nMt dispersion, nC2; an inorganic nMt dispersion, nC3; and an organomodified powder, nC4. nC4 is fully characterized in this paper (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetry. Consecutively a ternary non pozzolanic combination of fiber–cement nanohybrids (60% Portland cement (PC) and 40% limestone (LS)) was investigated in terms of flexural strength, thermal properties, density, porosity, and water impermeability. Flexural strength was improved after day 28, particularly with the addition of the inorganic nMt dispersion. There was no change in density or enhancement in pozzolanic reactions for the powder nMt. Mercury intrusion porosimetry showed that the pore related parameters were increased. This can be attributed to mixing effects and the presence of fibers. Water impermeability tests yielded ambiguous results. Clearly, novel manufacturing processes of cement nanohybrids must be developed to eliminate mixing issues recorded in this research.
Highlights
Soil constitutes of clay minerals, which are classified according to their internal structure as1:1 or 2:1
The compressive strength and the tensile strength of the cement mortars with NMK were higher than the reference mortar at the same water to binder (w/b) ratio
The Portland cement (PC) content and the water to solids (W/S) ratio was kept constant and the content of nMt solids was deducted from the LS content
Summary
1:1 (one tetrahedral silicate sheet bonded to one octahedral hydroxide sheet) or 2:1 (one octahedral hydroxide sheet sandwiched between two tetrahedral silicate sheets). The latter group consists of illites, Kaolins, smectites, and others. Montmorillonite (MMT) is a dioctahedral smectite (one SiO2 platelet/layer sandwiched between two Al2 O3 platelets/layers). It can be found in pure form or in the form of bentonite, in which 50%–80% MMT is intermixed with chlorite, muscovite, illite, and kaolinite. If bentonite undergoes a purification process with the use of sodium ions, “sodium bentonite” is produced, which practically is pure MMT. The lateral dimensions vary from a few nanometers to a few hundreds of micrometers [2]
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