Abstract
Fast communication is of high importance. Recently, increased data demand and crowded radio frequency spectrum have become crucial issues. Free-Space Optical Communication (FSOC) has diametrically changed the way people exchange information. As an alternative to wire communication systems, it allows efficient voice, video, and data transmission using a medium like air. Due to its large bandwidth, FSOC can be used in various applications and has therefore become an important part of our everyday life. The main advantages of FSOC are a high speed, cost savings, compact structures, low power, energy efficiency, a maximal transfer capacity, and applicability. The rapid development of the high-speed connection technology allows one to reduce the repair downtime and gives the ability to quickly establish a backup network in an emergency. Unfortunately, FSOC is susceptible to disruption due to atmospheric conditions or direct sunlight. Here, we briefly discuss Free-Space Optical Communication from mirrors and optical telegraphs to modern wireless systems and outline the future development directions of optical communication.
Highlights
Semiconductor lasers made of Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) are used
Free-Space Optical Communication is the answer to the worldwide demand for broadband communications offering flexible network connections [95]
Freedom of licensing means that there are no administrative difficulties related to their installation [97]. Another Free-Space Optics (FSO) advantage includes a very low bit error rate, while extremely narrow laser beams ensure that there is almost no practical limit to the number of separate FSO links that can be installed in a given location, which is in direct contrast to omnidirectional RF links
Summary
Wireless communication became a solution in places where the installation of fiber optic cables may be difficult or even impossible, like in areas across a road or behind water tanks, or in places of special architectural importance (e.g., historic city districts), or in national parks [7,8,9] This type of data transfer has advantages such as a lower development cost, affordability of the network topology design and implementation, and flexible maintenance of operating networks, a list of benefits not found in wired communications. The wavelength range of the radiation in the FSO communication system is primarily determined by the transmission properties of the medium in which the signal is transferred, like the atmosphere This technology is very sensitive to the type of climate and the weather, including physical phenomena [17]. FiguretFr2aig.nusSmrcehitet2em.daSotcnihcaeimmnaartgircoewoimfbaeOgapmetiocfallaOCseportmilciagmlhutCinsoimcamatriuokenndicliainntikoresndb.elitnwkseebnedtwiffeeenrendtifofebrjeenctts.oDbjeacttas.trDanastamitted on a natrrarnoswmibtteeadmonoaf lnaasrerrowligbhetamis omf alarskeerdliginhtriesdm. arked in red
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