From Microbes to Immunity: A Comprehensive Review of Microbiome Modulation

Abstract

The host environment and the native microbial population, or microbiota, make up the microbiome, which is changing how medical professionals see pathogens in connection to human disease and health. The discovery that the majority of bacteria in human bodies perform ecosystem-critical tasks that benefit the entire microbial host system is perhaps the most fundamental development. The microbiome is the broad term for the diverse and abundant population of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal system. This ecosystem contains billions of microbial cells, the majority of which are essential to the preservation of human health. Nutrient consumption, immunology, digestion, and metabolism have all been related to the microbiome. Scientific research has recently established a correlation between alterations in the microbiome and the development of cancer, obesity, inflammatory pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular complications. Epithelial-intestinal microbiome modifications have a substantial impact on the development of diseases and human health. Numerous factors contribute to these changes, such as underlying medical issues and lifestyle decisions. Depending on where in the body it occurs, dysbiosis increases an organism's susceptibility to various threats. Due to the inherent diversity of the human microbiota, these bacteria carry out specific metabolic tasks and play unique roles in each anatomical location. It follows that knowledge of the microbial makeup and activities of the human microbiome in connection to health and disease is essential.