From light to chemicals: Breaking ground in photocatalytic H2O2 production for a sustainable future

Abstract

The search for ecologically benign and sustainable chemical processes has sparked considerable interest in the photocatalytic creation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via oxygen reduction. This study gives an in-depth look at the present level of knowledge in this developing sector, focusing on the role of photocatalysis in attaining efficient and sustainable H2O2 generation. The foundations of photocatalysis are investigated, focusing on their application to sustainable energy and chemical synthesis. The key concepts driving photocatalytic reactions are addressed, emphasizing semiconductor materials and the benefits of photocatalytic systems for oxygen reduction to H2O2. A thorough investigation of photocatalytic materials includes diverse semiconductor materials, production processes, and nanostructured forms that improve photocatalytic performance. Mechanistic insights into the oxygen reduction process are offered, delineating key processes, intermediates, and reaction routes. The importance of optimization tactics, such as catalyst design and reaction conditions, is underlined. Environmental variables and the involvement of co-catalysts and electron donors are all investigated as factors impacting photocatalytic activity. Recent achievements and discoveries in the field are discussed, focusing on novel methods, materials, and procedures that have greatly improved photocatalytic efficiency. The article discusses the various uses and industrial significance of photocatalytic H2O2 generation, including water treatment and energy storage. The field's challenges and limits are critically examined, opening the way for future research areas and prospects for development. Scaling up and commercializing photocatalytic H2O2 generation is also investigated, providing insights into the practical use of this sustainable technology. Finally, this review consolidates existing information, allowing researchers and practitioners to thoroughly grasp photocatalytic H2O2 production and its prospective contributions to sustainable chemical processes.