From Hydrogen Production to Storage: A Process for Sustainable Development of Underground Hydrogen Storage in Caverns

Abstract

With the increasing trend of energy demand, it has brought a huge burden to the environment. Since sustainable development is a dominant agenda or top priority for nearly every country, there is a pressing need to find clean and sustainable alternatives to replace existing non-renewable sources (e.g., fossil fuels). Hydrogen, as a clean, safe, and efficient energy source has a wide range of applications, in which it can meet energy demands while eliminating greenhouse gas emissions. In the past decades, there was a rapid development of hydrogen-related technologies, especially hydrogen energy storage technology. Therefore, this paper will mainly examine hydrogen storage in geological formations as well as its related hydrogen production process in order to explore how it helps solve energy-related environmental issues. Besides, this paper will also employ qualitative and quantitative studies to analyze and compare different hydrogen storage methods in order to determine a feasible approach that can be widely used in the industrial sector. Overall, the results will shed light on guiding future research of underground hydrogen storage (UHS) that will be contributed to the way of sustainability.