Abstract
Sensor engineering is continuously evolving as devices become cheaper, smaller, more intelligent, and more efficient. Today, oceanographic sensors aim at monitoring marine processes by means of physical, chemical, and biological variables, and use different data formats, units, parameters, resolutions, data quality standards, and protocols. Therefore, integration and interoperability at European level represent a challenge.To cope with this challenge, the Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) standards, developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), are a good solution, as they ensure interoperability and long-term archiving of data series with complete information for all devices.The interoperability allows integrating information from different sources or pre-existing architectures, such as those developed in the SANY project (http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/regions/SANY) or by the US Integrated Ocean Observing System (https://github.com/ioos).In this paper, we illustrate the real-time data management system, developed by the Italian National Oceanographic Data Centre (NODC) at the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, OGS in Trieste – Italy, designed to share data acquired by a large number of heterogeneous observing platforms. This system adopts Observations and Measurements (O&M) and Sensor Model Language (SensorML) as data and metadata formats, as well as the Sensor Observation Service (SOS) released by the 52°North as server and Web client for open data access.The work done shows that the choice to manage real-time data using OGC Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) standards can be considered a valid solution with pros and cons. Nevertheless, in the future, the SWE community will grow, and with it, the number of applications to manage SWE standards to simplify their adoption.
Highlights
IntroductionA great challenge within the European oceanographic community is to identify a standard system for sharing data
Interoperability is, by definition, ‘the ability of computer systems to exchange and make use of information’ [1].A great challenge within the European oceanographic community is to identify a standard system for sharing data
This section describes the experience in the use of Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) standards gained by the Italian National Oceanographic Data Centre (NODC) at the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, OGS in Trieste – Italy, to share real-time data acquired by two observatories: Monitoraggio AMBientale Operativo 1 (MAMBO1) and Eastern Mediterranean Multidisciplinary Moored Array 2 (E2M3A)
Summary
A great challenge within the European oceanographic community is to identify a standard system for sharing data. In this context, the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) [2] has established standards focused on sensors and networks of sensors, called Sensor Web Enablement (SWE). The standards proposed by the OGC Consortium are a good solution to meet the need for interoperable. The decision to adopt these standards was the result of the need to share real-time data at European level. The observing platforms, managed by OGS, were recently included in European research infrastructures, greatly boosting the interoperability of the real-time operations. OGS data management system was initially developed to deal with real-time stations for local civil protection. The developed structure was Partescano et al Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards (2017) 2:22 composed of some simple and rudimentary elements and applications without any standardization
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