Abstract
Ion-pair recognition has emerged from cation and anion recognition and become a diverse and active field in its own right. The last decade has seen significant advances in receptor design in terms of the types of binding motifs, understanding of cooperativity and increase in complexity from heteroditopic to multitopic receptors. As a result, attention has turned to applying this knowledge to the rational design of ion-pair receptors for applications in salt solubilisation and extraction, membrane transport and sensing. This Review highlights recent progress and developments in the design and applications of heteroditopic and multitopic receptors for ion-pair recognition.
Highlights
Ion-pair recognition has emerged from cation and anion recognition and become a diverse and active field in its own right
Attention has turned to applying this knowledge to the rational design of ion-pair receptors for applications in salt solubilisation and extraction, membrane transport and sensing
The interlocked structure 26 consists of a bipyridine containing macrocycle and a urea moiety integrated into the axle component where 1H NMR and the X-ray crystal structural analysis revealed the formation of intercomponent hydrogen bonding interactions between the macrocycle bipyridine nitrogen atoms and HB donor urea, locking its conformation
Summary
The spatial relationship of co-bound ions in a heteroditopic receptor, or binding mode, serves as a useful criterion to categorise ion-pair host structures. Anion and ion-pair affinity measurements, supplemented with computational studies, the authors were able to ascribe thermodynamic parameters to cooperativity and relative contributions of electrostatic and allosteric effects. These studies determined NaI and NaClO4 ion-pairs are bound cooperatively in CD2Cl2/CD3CN (4 : 1), wherein the electrostatic contribution to cooperativity dominates and Figure 2. Andrew Docker obtained his undergraduate degree from the University of Oxford He is currently working towards a D.Phil. Paul Beer, with research into the field of halogen and chalcogen bonding mediated anion and ion-pair recognition and extraction
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