Abstract
The emerging biofuel industry plays a pivotal role in transitioning from conventional sources of energy to renewable sources. The advent of biodiesel can revolutionize the petroleum sector without requiring major modifications to existing diesel engines. Catalysts have played a significant role in transesterification and esterification reactions to produce biodiesel. Recent years have seen an acceleration in the use of ionic liquid catalysts for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production owing to their catalytic efficiency and enhanced stability. They act as greener solvents and catalysers which can be designed with high specificity. This study outlines the advancements in ionic liquid catalysts, primarily basic ionic liquid catalysts which have a faster reaction rate and higher efficiency than their Brønsted acidic counterparts. The high cost and sensitivity to fatty acids are major issues for their implementation in the industry. However, the ability to reuse them and their catalytic prowess are promising prospects that can be explored further.
Published Version
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