From expressionless to impressionist: Exploring the link between neurological disease and artistic style in painters

Abstract

This paper discusses the relationship between various types of neurological disease and stylistic changes in painters. By first outlining the hypothesized neuroanatomical bases of creativity, the discussion then relates localized brain damage to various stylistic changes in painters and previously non-artists. It also explores artistic style in the context of more global neurological damage, such as dementias and neurotransmitter imbalances.The literature suggests that focal neurological insults (such as strokes or head injuries) may more often lead to focal deficits in painters, such as the loss of visuospatial ability or partial hemineglect. More widespread neurological damage may be associated with more global stylistic changes; for example, dopamine replacement therapy for Parkinson’s disease has been shown to produce a more impressionist painting style in numerous recorded artists. In several case studies, brain damage actually led to the emergence of de novo artistic ability.While these changes in artistic style may not be rigidly predictable based on the limited literature available, this paper demonstrates that both artists and non-artists may experience significant changes in artistic style after neurological disease. Patient narratives also suggest that painting may serve as an empowering personal coping and communication strategy, aiding patients in navigating their complex illnesses.