Abstract
The subgenus Bryophyllum includes about 25 plant species native to Madagascar, and is widely used in traditional medicine worldwide. Different formulations from Bryophyllum have been employed for the treatment of several ailments, including infections, gynecological disorders, and chronic diseases, such as diabetes, neurological and neoplastic diseases. Two major families of secondary metabolites have been reported as responsible for these bioactivities: phenolic compounds and bufadienolides. These compounds are found in limited amounts in plants because they are biosynthesized in response to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, novel approaches should be undertaken with the aim of achieving the phytochemical valorization of Bryophyllum sp., allowing a sustainable production that prevents from a massive exploitation of wild plant resources. This review focuses on the study of phytoconstituents reported on Bryophyllum sp.; the application of plant tissue culture methodology as a reliable tool for the valorization of bioactive compounds; and the application of machine learning technology to model and optimize the full phytochemical potential of Bryophyllum sp. As a result, Bryophyllum species can be considered as a promising source of plant bioactive compounds, with enormous antioxidant and anticancer potential, which could be used for their large-scale biotechnological exploitation in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
Highlights
The genus Kalanchoe (Adanson, 1736 [1]) belongs to the Crassulaceae family and comprises 150 to 200 succulent species native to Madagascar and naturalized across Africa, South America, and Asia [2,3]
plant tissue culture (PTC) of Bryophyllum sp. has been established using MS medium [138,139], better growth and multiplication rates were achieved when the composition of the MS medium was modified, as it has been shown by reducing the concentration of macronutrients by half for B. daigremontianum, B. × houghtonii and B. tubiflorum [64,80,101]
This review focuses on the ethnomedicinal uses of Bryophyllum sp., and their main phytoconstituents, responsible for its biological and pharmacological properties
Summary
The genus Kalanchoe (Adanson, 1736 [1]) belongs to the Crassulaceae family and comprises 150 to 200 succulent species native to Madagascar and naturalized across Africa, South America, and Asia [2,3]. The antimicrobial activity attributed to Bryophyllum extracts was shown to present a high effectiveness against a wide range of both bacterial and fungal activities In this sense, hydroethanolic extracts from B. fedtschenkoi showed a strong inhibitory effect against different antimicrobial resistant strains from the ESKAPE complex, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria [37]. A great variety of in vitro models have been employed for the determination of cytotoxic and anti-cancer activities on different Bryophyllum species, whose extracts have been tested against a high number of cancer cell lines [13,68]. Aroused the interest in the study of their great therapeutic potential, which is a challenge, as it is an unexplored subgenus with countless potential as a health promoter This is a systematic review in which general search engines, including PubMed, the Web of Science, and Google Scholar were employed, according to Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. They are responsible for the bioactivity associated with Bryophyllum sp. and, a deeper insight into these compounds will be provided
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