Abstract
Few movements were removed from oriental studies than Jansenism when it started in the 1630s with the Abb de Saint-Cyrans efforts to reform the convent of Port-Royal in Paris. In 1659 the two Jansenist leaders, Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole, replied by restating the Catholic belief in transubstantiation in a brief preface to the eucharistic liturgy for use by the nuns of Port-Royal. Jean Claude had already suggested that every Greek on the face of the earth be interrogated about whether he recognise any general law in his Church establishing the teaching of transubstantiation. Paul Rycaut spent over fifteen years in the Ottoman Empire, first attached to the English embassy in Istanbul and then, from 1667 to 1678, as consul in Izmir. Keywords: eucharistic liturgy; Istanbul; Jansenism; Jean Claude; Ottoman empire; Paul Rycaut
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