Abstract
Additive manufacturing is growing rapidly in the automotive, medical, and aerospace industries as an option for the manufacturing of products. However, there is a continuous growth in the amount of waste generated by 3D filaments, thus, the reuse practice becomes important, since it brings environmental and economic gains. The present research evaluated the mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical and rheological properties of PLA/PLAr blends containing post-consumption 3D filament. The blends were prepared in a co-rotational twin screw extruder and, subsequently, the extruded granules were injection molded. As the PLAr content in the blends (PLA/PLAr) increased, there was a reduction in viscosity, indicating an improvement in manufacturability. The PLA/PLAr blend (75/25 % wt.) increased the degree of crystallinity compared to neat PLA, indicating that PLAr acted as a nucleating agent. As a consequence, the PLA/PLAr blend (75/25 % wt.) showed performance comparable to neat PLA in thermal stability, elastic modulus, tensile strength, Shore D hardness, impact strength, heat deflection temperature (HDT) and Vicat softening temperature. The reuse of post-consumption 3D filament PLA is feasible for the development of materials with good properties. In addition, value is added to the post-consumption material and there is a contribution to sustainable development.
Highlights
(PLA) blends with 3D filament waste Do descarte ao desenvolvimento sustentável: potencial tecnológico de blendas de poli(ácido lático) (PLA) com resíduos de filamentos 3D De la eliminación al desarrollo sostenible: potencial tecnológico de las mezclas de poli(ácido láctico) Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) con residuos de filamentos 3D
Poly(lactic acid) - PLA is a biodegradable polymer obtained from renewable sources, commercialized and produced worldwide on a large scale, with an estimated annual increase of 10% to 15%, while the world market for plastics has grown from 3.5% to 4% per year (Oliveira et al, 2020)
The reuse of post-consumption PLA becomes of great importance, since the simple disposal in the environment or in dumps leads to the waste of raw material with good properties and high added value (Andrade et al, 2016; Piemonte et al, 2013)
Summary
(PLA) blends with 3D filament waste Do descarte ao desenvolvimento sustentável: potencial tecnológico de blendas de poli(ácido lático) (PLA) com resíduos de filamentos 3D De la eliminación al desarrollo sostenible: potencial tecnológico de las mezclas de poli(ácido láctico) PLA con residuos de filamentos 3D. A blenda PLA/PLAr (75/25 % em massa) aumentou o grau de cristalinidade em comparação ao PLA virgem, indicando que o PLAr atuou como agente nucleante. A blenda PLA/PLAr (75/25 % em massa) apresentou desempenho equiparável ao PLA puro na estabilidade térmica, módulo elástico, resistência à tração, dureza Shore D, resistência ao impacto, temperatura de deflexão térmica (HDT) e temperatura de amolecimento Vicat. La presente investigación evaluó las propiedades mecánicas, térmicas, termomecánicas y reológicas de mezclas de PLA/PLAr posconsumo de filamentos 3D. La mezcla PLA/PLAr (75/25 % en masa) mostró un rendimiento comparable al PLA puro en estabilidad térmica, módulo elástico, resistencia a la tracción, dureza Shore D, resistencia al impacto, temperatura de deflexión térmica (HDT) y temperatura de ablandamiento Vicat. There is a need to investigate the effect of reprocessing on the mechanical properties of PLA, so the content of recycled material in the composition with neat PLA can be controlled in order to obtain acceptable properties and a quality product (Babagowda et al 2018)
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