Abstract
In the traditional power system demand response, customers respond to electricity price or incentive and change their original power consumption pattern accordingly to gain additional benefits. With the development of multi-energy systems (MES) in which electricity, heat, natural gas and other forms of energy are coupled with each other, all types of energy customers are able to participate in demand response, leading to the concept of integrated demand response (IDR). In IDR, energy consumers can response not only by reducing energy consumption or opting for off-peak energy consumption but also by changing the type of the consumed energy. Taking the traditional demand response in power system as a starting point, the studies of the fundamental theory, framework design and potential estimation of demand response in power system are reviewed, and the practical cases and software development of demand response are introduced. Finally, the current theoretical research and application of IDR are assessed.
Highlights
With the deep transformation of the national energy structure, the ability of resource allocation of the traditional energy network is gradually unable to meet the development needs of future energy systems
The benefits of demand response can be significant. It can effectively reduce the peak load of the power system and delay the investments required for new generation units and transmission lines. It can improve the consumption of renewable energy and reduce the adjustment and start-up/shut-down costs of thermal power units during the off-peak periods, which improves the safety of power system operation
5.4 Application and terminal development of integrated demand response (IDR) In order to fully explore the potential of demand response resources, many countries around the world encourage the development of integrated energy systems and the research and engineering applications of IDR
Summary
With the deep transformation of the national energy structure, the ability of resource allocation of the traditional energy network is gradually unable to meet the development needs of future energy systems. Traditional demand response is a mechanism in which customers dynamically change their electricity consumption behavior in response to time-of-use electricity price signals or real-time dispatching instructions to reduce critical-peak demand and transfer power consumption between different time periods. IDR can break the boundaries between different types of energy sectors to realize a deep response to resources on the demand side. Through the conversion between various types of energy, the IDR can reduce critical-peak load, maintain the transient balance of the system, improve the consumption of renewable energy, and further improve the safety of the system. With a large scale of various demand response resources connected and reacted to the grid, the separated operation and management modes of traditional energy systems will be significantly changed, and the original supply-demand balancing mechanism, market mechanism and price mechanism are no longer applicable.
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