Abstract
This article discusses metaphors derived from the animal world, and used to describe relations between intellectuals and the authorities in mid-twentieth-century Iraq, against the backdrop of the conservative and conformist use of metaphor in Classical Arabic literature. The topic in question is examined through the narrative works of the twentieth-century exiled Iraqi Communist writer Ghā'ib Tu'ma Farmān (1927-90), who used animal metaphors as an artistic device through which he depicted himself as a Leftist intellectual persecuted by the government. The examples from Farmān's own works are considered in light of the use which other twentieth-century Arab writers make of animal metaphors, and the artistic needs which the latter serve.
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