Abstract
Yearly the mushroom industry generates several million tons of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), a mixture of composted soil and fungal mycelium, left after the mushroom harvest. Although containing ...
Highlights
The fresh mushroom production in Europe amounted to 1 million tonnes in 2013 with a value of 1.8 billion euro.[1−3] For every ton of mushrooms, approximately three times the amount of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is generated, which to date has no commercial use.[4]
As the results suggest that the carbohydrate-enriched fractions can stabilize oil-in-water droplets, we applied the extracts as stabilizers during a free radical miniemulsion polymerization of styrene to prepare polystyrene nanoparticles
This work presents the valorization of the spent mushroom substrate (SMS) by two biorefinery processes allowing the isolation of either carbohydrates or lignin
Summary
The fresh mushroom production in Europe amounted to 1 million tonnes in 2013 with a value of 1.8 billion euro.[1−3] For every ton of mushrooms, approximately three times the amount of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is generated, which to date has no commercial use.[4]. The SMS was either thermochemically pretreated (at elevated temperatures in water containing an acidic or basic catalyst) in order to solubilize carbohydrates or extracted with ethanol−water mixtures (“organosolv” treatment) to obtain soluble lignin fractions (Scheme 1). An interfacial polyaddition in inverse miniemulsion, similar to previously reported for commercial lignin, was adapted for the extracts.[18] For that, the solid was dissolved in DMSO and the dark-brown solution was dispersed in cyclohexane, containing the biocompatible and -degradable surfactant PGPR.[41] To further increase the sustainability of the process, biobased solvents, e.g., alcohols, could be used as a dispersed phase. As several pathogenic fungi segregate laccases,[43] the lignin-based nanocarriers might be applied as an enzyme-triggered drug delivery system, which could be of high interest to develop advanced fungal plant protection
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