Abstract

The ‘Journey to the West’, also translated as the’ Pilgrimage to the West’, is one of the masterpieces of ancient Chinese literature. Published anonymously by the putative author Wu Cheng'en in the late 16th century, the story traces in broad outline the journey taken by the monk Tripitaka in the year 629 a.D. to India to acquire Buddhist scriptures, and it is the result of reworking antecedent works, such as ‘Poetic notes on the pilgrimage of Tripitaka of the Great Tang to acquire the Sutras’ and ‘‹Journey to the West› Opera’. In this fiction, the writer moves away from the authenticity of the traditional pilgrimage: here the monk is escorted by sinful-followers (i.e., a dragon-horse, a pig, a demon, and a monkey) capable of removing malevolent beings throughout the journey. Sun Wukong is the wild and skillful monkey that ascends to Buddhity, becoming a ‘Victorious Fighting Buddha’ at the end of the literary work. Later on, the Chinese work of fiction was used as a source of inspiration for the creation of Dragon Ball, a Japanese fantasy & martial arts manga. Published in 1984 as a manga and then adapted into an anime, Dragon Ball sketchily follows the Chinese work of fiction. After coming across Bulma, young Son Gokū decides to escort the girl in her quest to collect seven magic dragon spheres. The series’ success allowed the manga’s author, Akira Toriyama, to continue the story arc and launch a new series in 2015. Since 1986, several videogames with a monkey character have entered the market. The purpose of this article is to highlight the main affinities between Sun Wukong and his Japanese counterpart Son Gokū first, and then attempt to explain how the monkey character has become a world-famous symbol, and contextualise it into the phenomenon of ‘worldwide pilgrimage’.

Highlights

  • There are many reasons behind each pilgrimage experience, such as religious beliefs or curiosity

  • The concept is centred on the pilgrimage itself as the object of the work, which can be traced in the fictional pilgrimages that follow the historical pilgrimage of Tripitaka

  • As shown during the historical pilgrimage, the monk Tripitaka makes a pilgrimage to India managing to bring a certain amount of sutras to be translated

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Summary

A TRANSCULTURAL RESEARCH JOURNAL

ISSUE 1 – Between Texts and Images: Mutual Images of Japan and Europe ISSUE 2 – Japanese Pop Cultures in Europe Today: Economic Challenges, Mediated Notions, Future Opportunities ISSUE 3 – Visuality and Fictionality of Japan and Europe in a Cross-Cultural Framework ISSUE 4 – Japan and Asia: Representations of Selfness and Otherness ISSUE 5 – Politics, arts and pop culture of Japan in local and global contexts ISSUE 6 – Mediatised Images of Japan in Europe: Through the Media Kaleidoscope ISSUE 7 – Layers of aesthetics and ethics in Japanese pop culture ISSUE 8 – Artists, aesthetics, and artworks from, and in conversation with, Japan part 1 (of 2) ISSUE 9 – Artists, aesthetics, and artworks from, and in conversation with, Japan part 2 (of 2). SCIENTIFIC BOARD Marco BELLANO, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Padova (Italy); JeanMarie BOUISSOU, International Research Centre, European Training Programme Japan, Sciences Po CERI (France); Christian GALAN, Centre of Japanese Studies (CEJ), INALCO, Paris (France); Marcello GHILARDI, Department of Philosophy, University of Padova (Italy); Paolo LA MARCA, Department of Humanities, University of Catania (Italy); Pascal LEFÈVRE, LUCA School of Arts, Campus Sint-Lukas Brussels (Belgium); Boris LOPATINSKY, Centre de recherche en études philologiques, littéraires et textuelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium); Ewa MACHOTKA, Department of Asian, Middle. From China to the World: The main media pilgrimages of Sun Wukong (孙悟空) and Son Gokū (孫悟空)

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