Abstract
Energy systems in cities need to be decarbonized and are becoming more integrated via energy sector coupling. Today, cities often use simple methods to assess their low carbon targets, e.g., carbon calculators, and these methods use annualized carbon reduction potentials. For example, reductions from heat savings in buildings or fuel demand in transport. This is done because it is simple and fast. This paper describes a methodology that goes beyond carbon calculators and assesses highly renewable energy systems. The methodology is carried out for a case city—Sønderborg, Denmark. Using a national 100% renewable energy study and a suitable energy system analysis tool (EnergyPLAN), the method accounts for inter-sector coupling and energy system dynamics. The energy system is assessed by comparing the results from the analysis tool against numerous key sustainability factors for a Smart Energy System. The paper illustrates how the method delivers a sustainable 100% renewable Smart Energy System for Sønderborg, which can be part of the Danish energy system in 2050 based on local resources. The paper discusses the broader applicability of the method within strategic energy planning.
Highlights
Cities consume vast amounts of energy due to citizen activity in buildings and transport, and commercial activities such as industry
This paper describes a methodology that goes beyond carbon calculators and assesses highly renewable energy systems
National renewable energy visions can provide useful insights for city energy systems. This approach can ensure that renewable resources are shared between cities and one city does not hinder another city in converting to 100% renewable energy
Summary
Cities consume vast amounts of energy due to citizen activity in buildings and transport, and commercial activities such as industry. Energy is consumed either in the form of electricity, fuels, or heat, or a combination of these, which releases greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). To address these emissions, the European Union set goals of 20% GHG reduction by 2020 and 40% by 2030 [1]. Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAPs) [2]. In these plans, the current energy situation of each city is described in a Baseline Emission Inventory (BEI) which attaches CO2 equivalent emissions to energy demand, and reduction potentials for these emissions [3].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
