From Brazil to Brattle street: the transnational history of emperor Dom Pedro II’s dinner with Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Using the cultural-ecological and the personal perspective theory, this study examined the relationship of sociological and psychological factors on academic effort. This research used multiple linear regression analyses and data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 to examine the extent to which personal, cultural, and school structural variables predict academic effort among a sample of 10th grade African American students. African American students' personal perceptions characterizing their belief in the importance of education, their value of schooling, and their desire for higher learning were strongly correlated with academic effort. The results also indicated parental involvement and parental aspirations played a substantial role in predicting student levels of academic effort. After controlling for personal and cultural factors, school factors were found to have no significant relationship with academic effort. For both groups, gender comparisons revealed that personal factors and parental involvement and aspirations were related to levels academic effort, while school factors such as course enrollment, personnel aspirations, and school climate showed no significant relationship with academic effort among African American male and female students. The findings showed personnel aspirations were positive and significant predictors of academic effort among African American males whereas for females, personnel aspirations were positively associated with academic effort but not significantly influential. Furthermore, course enrollment and school climate were found to have no significant relationship with academic effort among females; however, both measures have a relatively small effect on academic effort among male. In total, the non-significant effect of family SES and family educational resources on academic effort was a surprising finding from this study. Overall, personal and cultural factors were found to be the most important predictors of academic effort among African American students. Given these results, the study reinforced the need for researchers to take a cultural-ecological approach and the personal perspective when examining academic engagement of African American students. Also, the study implicated that educational policy, programs, and reform efforts aimed at increasing academic success among African American students should consider the effects of personal and cultural factors that influence the students' developing epistemological beliefs, which define academic effort.

Th e purpose of this reseach to find out about d ifferences in p erception of p urchasing d ecisions in c hoosing online p urchases and d irect p urchases in polytechnic Pratama Mulia Surakarta ( P OLITAMA ) . The populations used is all students P OLITAMA who have made online purchase and direct purchases. The technique used in taking this sample is purposive sampling method with a sample size of 98 respondents. The analysis shows indicate that there are significant differences between online purchases and direct purchases of purchasing decisions from cultural factors and psychological factor, and there is no significant difference between online purchases and direct purchases of purchasing decisions from social factor and personal factors and personal factors, and there is a significant difference between direct purchases and purchases of joint purchasing decisions from cultural, social,personal and psychological factor together. Keywords : cultural factors , social factors, personal factor , psychological factors, purchasing decisions.

This study investigates the shift in consumer purchasing patterns from traditional markets to modern meat outlets in Majene Regency, a region located in a province with a low Human Development Index (HDI) but designated as an educational center in West Sulawesi, Indonesia. In recent years, Majene has seen an influx of expatriatess with higher education, knowledge, and income, likely influencing local purchasing behaviors. This research examines the factors contributing to the observed shift in meat purchasing patterns, focusing on cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors that affect purchasing decisions. Data were collected from 100 respondents, all homemakers, over one month from June to July 2024. Homemakers were chosen due to their primary role in household purchasing and decision-making regarding market selection and meat processing. Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM PLS) analysis was conducted using WarpPLS 7.0 software to determine the influence of cultural (X1), social (X2), personal (X3), and psychological (X4) factors on purchasing decisions (Y). The results indicate that psychological factors exert the highest level of significance on purchasing decisions, with a coefficient of 0.557, followed by cultural factors (0.165), social factors (0.050), and personal factors (-0.082). The prominence of psychological factors may be attributed to the profile of respondents, many of whom are lecturers and private sector employees from outside Majene. This demographic shift and perceptions of higher quality and safety at modern outlets have encouraged transitioning from traditional markets to modern meat outlets. These findings contribute to understanding consumer behavior changes in small-city contexts and offer insights into the role of psychological and demographic factors in shaping retail preferences in developing regions.

This research was conducted to determine the influence of cultural, social, personal, and psychology factors on consumer interest in buying Honda Beat Motor products either partially or simultaneously. The variables used consist of Culture (X1), Social (X2), Personal (X3), Psychology (X4), and Purchase Intention (Y). The data used is primary data (ordinal data). Data analysis uses parametric statistics (multiple linear regression) after the data is declared valid and reliable and meets the classical assumptions. 
 Based on data analysis, the following research results were obtained: (1) The partial results of hypothesis testing showed that cultural, social, and personal factors did not have a significant effect on consumer buying interest, while psychological factors had a significant effect on consumer buying interest; (2) The results of simultaneous hypothesis testing show that cultural, social, personal and psychological factors have a significant effect on consumer buying interest with a magnitude of 0.763, which means that the proportion of variation in consumer buying interest is to buy Honda Beat Motor products at Honda Mutiara Timor dealers. Star Kupang is explained by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors simultaneously at 76.30% while the other 23.70% is explained by other factors outside the regression model which were not detected in this study. 
 It can be suggested to the management of the Mutiara Timor Star Kupang Honda Dealer that: (1) it is necessary to improve quality service, continuous promotion of potential market segments in order to foster a good view of consumers to provide suggestions, positive perceptions about the existence of Honda Beat motor products to potential consumers; (2) Psychological variables are variables that affect consumer buying interest, so it is necessary to improve the product image of Honda Beat motorbikes to shape consumer motivation, perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes.

This study aims to determine whether cultural factors, social, personal and psychological factors have a simultaneous and significant effect on the purchasing decisions of Green World Global products in Banda Aceh. The sample in this study amounted to 60 respondents. The sampling technique in this study is the accidental sampling technique. Research this done during one month. Analysis of the data used in this study by using validity test, reliability test, coefficient of determination analysis, simultaneous test, formal test, from the results of test conducted found that all cultural, social, personal and psychological factors have no significants effect on product purchase decision making Green World Global, but from the four factors, personal factors have a significants effect on purchasing decisions with the results of the coefficient t count 1,729> t table 1,671 or it can be said the personal variables influence the purchasing decisions of Green World Global products.

Midnight sale is one strategy that can provide stimuli to the customer purchase decision.However, the main factor or basis that contribute to the purchase decision by Schifman and Kanuk (2004) as quoted by Samuel, et al., (2005) are social factors, personal factors, psychological factors, and cultural factors. Consumer purchasing decisions due to social factors infuenced by some small groups like, group or group play, family, and the role and status (Kotler and Armstrong, 2004).Tis study was conducted to determine consumers’ assessment of social factors, personal factors, psychological factors, and cultural factors, consumer purchasing decisions knowing that stimulated by midnight sale and determine the infuence of social factors, personal factors, psychological factors, and cultural factors on consumer purchasing decisions Centro Department Store which distimuli by midnight sale. This research was conducted in Yogyakarta, namely the consumers Centro Department Store in June 2013.Te results showed that consumers have a good assessment on social factors, personal factors, psychological factors, cultural factors. Consumers have high purchasing decision in Centro Department Store during a midnight sale promotion program. Social factors, personal factors, psychological factors, and cultural factors simultaneously have a signifcant infuence on consumer purchasing decisions. Social factors, personal factors, psychological factors, and cultural factors have a positive and signifcant impact on consumer purchasing decisions.Keywords: Social factors, Personal factors, psychological factors, cultural factors, purchase decision

The purpose of this study is to know and analyze: (1)The influence of cultural factors on buying decisions typical ofTernate; (2) The influence of social factors on the purchase decisionof the typical cake of Ternate; (3) The influence of personal factorson buying decisions typical of Ternate; (4) Influence ofpsychological factor to decision of purchasing cake typical ofTernate; and (5) The influence of cultural, social, personal andpsychological factors on the buying decision of Ternate cakessimultaneously.Methodology: The test equipment used is multiple regressionanalysis using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) as astatistical test tool. The number of samples of the study were 100consumers.Finding: H1, H2, H3, H5, and H5 are accepted at the 5%confidence level.Conclusion: The results showed that: (1) Cultural factors (X1) havea positive and significant effect partially on the purchase decision oftypical cakes ternate. These results are based on t arithmetic valuesgreater than t table values and smaller significance values thanalpha; (2) Social factors (X2) have a positive and partially significanteffect on buying decision of typical cakes of ternate. This result isbased on a larger F count value and a smaller significance valuethan the alpha value; (3) Personal factors (X3) have a positive andpartially significant effect on buying decision of Ternate typical cake.This result is based on a larger F count value and a smallersignificance value than the alpha value; (4) psychological c factors(X4) have a positive and partially significant effect on buyingdecision of Ternate typical cake. This result is based on a larger Fcount value and a smaller significance value than the alpha value;and (5) Cultural factors, social factors, personality factors, andpsychological factors have a positive and significant influencesimultaneously on the decision to purchase a typical cake Ternate.

Background. The decision-making process for purchasing healthcare services involves a complex evaluation of available alternatives, influenced by factors such as perception, attitudes, and social, cultural, personal, and psychological factors. This study aims to identify and analyze the impact of consumer behavior factors on the purchase decisions for inpatient services at RSUD Haji Makassar. Consequently, this research is expected to provide valuable insights for the hospital to improve service quality and marketing strategies to retain and attract consumer interest. Method. This study employs a quantitative approach with a survey design to collect data from respondents who are general patients that have used inpatient services at RSUD Haji Makassar. The sample consists of 88 respondents, and data analysis is conducted using chi- square analysis. Results. The findings indicate a significant influence of cultural factors on purchase decisions at the Inpatient Installation of RSUD Haji Makassar. There is also a significant effect of social factors on purchase decisions. Personal factors have a significant impact on purchase decisions, and psychological factors significantly influence purchase decisions at RSUD Haji Makassar. Conclusion. Cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors all significantly affect the purchase decisions for healthcare services at the inpatient installation of RSUD Haji Makassar. Recommendation: Develop services tailored to individual patient needs and preferences, including flexible care options. Address patient concerns, maintain high healthcare service standards, and build consumer trust by consistently providing excellent service.

This study aims to determine the effect of cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors on purchasing decisions and to determine the effect of all the factors simultaneously on purchasing decisions at Nayla Buah (NB) storeTebeng, Bengkulu City. This research is an associative research, which conducted to determine the value of the independent variable, one variable or more than one variables, which aims to determine the relationship between the variables. The method used is a survey. The population in this study were 1200 consumers. The sample of respondents were 92 consumers. The validity using the Pearson Coefficient Correlation with a significance value of 5% with a critical value and the reliability test based on the Cronbach Alpha coefficient and hypothesis testing using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that (1) There is no significant influence of cultural factors on purchasing decisions at Nayla Buah Bengkulu City with a significance value greater than 0.05, namely 0.144. (2) There is a positive and significant influence of social factors on purchasing decisions at Nayla Buah store with a significance value smaller than 0.05, namely 0.013. (3) There is a positive and significant influence of personal factors on purchasing decisions at Nayla Buah store with a significance value smaller than 0.05, namely 0.030. (4) There is no significant effect of psychological factors on purchasing decisions at Nayla Buah store with a significance value greater than 0.05, namely 0.432. (5) There is a positive and significant influence of cultural, social, personal and psychological factors on purchasing decisions at Nayla Buah store with a significance value of 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05. (6) The factors that influence purchasing decisions are social and personal factors.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the personal factors for both the students and the lecturers that support intercultural communication in library and information science (LIS) e-learning. Research was conducted to explore the factors supporting intercultural communication in LIS e-learning.Design/methodology/approach– Using case study, the opinion of students of two LIS curricula about the factors that support intercultural communication in e-learning has been determined. The data have been collected using e-interviews and document analysis. Document analysis and constant comparative analysis method were used for analysing collected data.Findings– Intercultural communication in the e-learning of LIS curriculum was supported by pedagogical, personal, cultural and technological factors. In this paper, the personal factors are emphasised. These factors are the supporting characteristics of the students and lecturers, their motivation, similarities between co-students and the competence of the students.Practical implications– Results of the research project are necessary to improve the curricula and to plan and conduct learning process. The results explain possibilities for supporting the students in international e-learning.Originality/value– The results of the present study concerning the personal factors and their respective support differed – when compared to previous studies – in the following aspects: LIS students brought forward the characteristics that support intercultural communication in e-learning, were willing to gain extra knowledge and skills and considered information literacy and knowledge about written communication important but, at the same time, less-often mentioned the problems emerging from lags.

The aim of this research is to examine the important role of several factors in determining the decision to use Go-Food services. The factors tested include cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. This research was conducted in Mayangan District, Probolinggo City. The method used a quantitative approach and the help of SPSS analysis tools. The research results show that cultural, social and personal factors do not influence a person's decision to use Jada Go-Food. Meanwhile, psychological factors have an influence on a person's decision to use Go-Food services. Research findings show that in the context of Mayangan District, Probolinggo City, cultural, social and personal factors do not play an important role in deciding to use Go-Food services, while psychological factors are considered to play an important role. The implication is that Go-Food service providers and marketers can focus more on marketing strategies that emphasize psychological aspects in an effort to increase adoption and decisions to use Go-Food services in the region.

This study aims to determine the most dominant factor affecting the purchasing decision of Indocafe powder coffee at PT. Sari Tanjung Tera Cipta in Bengkulu. Samples in this study were 37 outlets that purchased Indocafe powder coffee products at PT. Sari Tanjung Tera Cipta in Bengkulu City, especially the Bengkulu route. The data collection method used a questionnaire and the analytical method used was rating scale analysis. The results of this study indicate the average value of respondents' responses to the factors that affect purchasing decisions at PT. Sari Tanjung Tera Cipta in Bengkulu City is 1,474 with the assessment criteria agree. This means that respondents have an agreed assessment of the factors that affect purchasing decisions at PT. Sari Tanjung Tera Cipta in Bengkulu City is affected by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. Personal factors are the highest factors influencing purchasing decisions online at PT. Sari Tanjung Tera Cipta in Bengkulu City with a score of 1,573. This illustrates that customers shop at PT. Sari Tanjung Tera Cipta in Bengkulu City because because they choose to shop on the basis of their own wishes, PT. Sari Tanjung Tera Cipta in Bengkulu City provides maximum service therefore customers feel satisfied. The lowest factor is the cultural factor with a total score of 1.342 with the assessment criteria agreed. This illustrates that cultural factors have a low affect on purchasing decisions at PT. Sari Tanjung Tera Cipta in Bengkulu City because shopping is a desire not because it is affected by the environment, culture or other people.

الملخص: هدفت الدراسة بشکل رئيس إلى التعرف على العوامل الاجتماعية والثقافية والقانونية والشخصية المؤدية إلى القبول الاجتماعي لاعتداء المواطنين الأردنيين على الطريق العام، من وجهة نظر المحامين في محافظة الکرک، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي بأسلوبه المسحي، حيث تم تطبيق اساليب المسح الاجتماعي بالعينة للحصول على البيانات الميدانية من عينة الدراسة باستخدام أداة الاستبانة، وقد تکونت عينة الدراسة بشکلها النهائي من (304) محامي والذين تمت مقابلتهم ميدانيا في جميع المحاکم العاملة في محافظة الکرک في المملکة الأردنية الهاشمية. توصلت نتائج الدراسة أن المستوى العام للعوامل الاجتماعية والثقافية والشخصية والقانونية المؤدية إلى القبول الاجتماعي لاعتداء المواطنين الأردنيين على الطريق العام من وجهة نظر عينة الدراسة قد جاءت بمستوى متوسط، حيث بلغ المتوسط الحسابي العام لاستجابات عينة الدراسة لجميع العوامل السابقة إجمالا (3.505)، واتضح من النتائج أن العوامل الاجتماعية قد حققت الترتيب الأول من حيث الأهمية النسبية بوسط حسابي (3.811) وأن العوامل الثقافية جاءت بالترتيب الثاني من حيث الأهمية النسبية بوسط حسابي (3.724) وبمستوى مرتفع، وأظهرت النتائج أن العوامل القانونية جاءت بالترتيب الثالث وقبل الأخير من حيث الأهمية النسبية بوسط حسابي (3.412) بمستوى متوسط، وفي الترتيب الأخير من حيث الأهمية النسبية العوامل الشخصية بوسط حسابي (3.027) بمستوى متوسط. وأوصت الدراسة بناء على نتائجها بالعمل نحو تقريب وجهات النظر بين المشارکين في أعمال الاعتداء على الطريق العام والحکومة وذلک بما يحقق التعاون والشفافية بين الحکومة والشعب لتخطي المشکلات التي تواجه المواطن الأردني، وتحقيق الأمن الاجتماعي والاقتصادي للمواطن الأردني من خلال إيجاد حلول لمشکلات الشباب والأسر في المجتمع الأردني وبشکل خاص مشکلات الفساد والبطالة والفقر. Abstract: The study mainly aimed to identify the social, cultural, legal and personal factors leading to the social acceptance of the assault of Jordanian citizens on the public road, from the viewpoint of lawyers in Karak Governorate, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive and analytical approach was used in its survey method, where methods of social survey were applied in the sample to obtain On the field data from the study sample using the questionnaire tool. The study sample, in its final form, consisted of (304) lawyers who were field-interviewed in all the courts operating in the Karak Governorate in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.The results of the study found that the general level of social, cultural, personal and legal factors leading to the social acceptance of the assault of Jordanian citizens on the public road from the point of view of the study sample came at an average level, where the general arithmetic mean of the study sample responses to all the previous factors in total (3.505), and it became clear from the results. That the social factors have achieved the first order in terms of relative importance with an arithmetic (3.811) and that the cultural factors came in second order in terms of relative importance with an arithmetic (3.724) and a high level, and the results showed that the legal factors came in the third and penultimate order in terms of relative importance with an arithmetic. (3.412) with a medium level, and in the last order in terms of relative importance, personal factors with an arithmetic (3.027) with a medium level. The study recommended, based on its findings, to work towards converging views between the participants in the acts of assaulting on the public road and the government in order to achieve cooperation and transparency between the government and the people to overcome the problems facing the Jordanian citizen, and to achieve social and economic security for the Jordanian citizen by finding solutions to the problems of youth and families in the Jordanian society. In particular, problems of corruption, unemployment and poverty.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, lectures are simultaneously conducted online. Activities carried out at home also vary, ranging from developing hobbies, exercising, and even shopping online. This study aims to determine the phenomenon of online shopping behavior in the pandemic period (Study on the Shopee Application). Data collection techniques in this study used the interview method. Based on the results of this study, the phenomenon of online shopping behavior is the increasing interest in shopping at Shope during the pandemic. The phenomenon of online shopping behavior at Shopee is influenced by several factors, namely cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. The cultural factor in online shopping on the Shopee application is one of the lifestyles and has metamorphosed into popular culture by students of the Communication study program at the University of Dehasen Bengkulu. Social factors are one of the factors that can affect shopping at Shopee. Through this factor, students use shopee because they interact with their social environment. Then personal factors, Communication students at the University of Dehasen Bengkulu use Shopee to meet their needs. And psychological factors, students use Shopee to get satisfaction in shopping.

This study aims to determine whether there is a simultaneous and partial influence of cultural, social, personal and psychological variables on consumer decisions in choosing CV cleaning services. Indoclears Malang. This research is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. In this study, the number of samples used followed the total population of 40 respondents. The research method used is multiple linear regression analysis (multiple linear regression method), Cultural factors have a partially significant effect on consumer decisions. Social factors have a partially significant effect on consumer decisions. Personal factors have no partially significant effect on consumer decisions. Psychological factors have a partially significant effect on consumer decisions. Cultural, social, personal and psychological factors simultaneously have a significant effect on consumer decisions . Keywords: culture, social, personal and psychology, consumer decisions