Fármacos antipsicóticos de segunda generación y su impacto en el tejido adiposo

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder that affects 21 million people worldwide. Currently, second-generation or atypical antipsychotics (SGAs) are the first-line medications for the treatment of this disease. However, despite its high efficacy in counteracting the neuropsychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia, recent clinical investigations in patients treated with SGAs show an increase in the prevalence of pivotal metabolic alterations, including increased body weight, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for these side effects are not fully understood, cumulative evidences associate SGA administration with alterations in the different adipose tissue depots of white, brown and beige adipocytes. In this review, we have recapitulated the current knowledge in this area with a particular focus on the molecular aspects of the adipocyte biology, including differentiation, lipid metabolism, thermogenic function and browning processes. Keywords: antipsychotics; schizophrenia; adipose tissue; thermogenesis; browning; lipid; metabolism