Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency caused by various intra- and extra-pulmonary injury factors. The oxidative stress caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the lungs plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALI. ROS is a “double-edged sword”, which is widely involved in signal transduction and the life process of cells at a physiological concentration. However, excessive ROS can cause mitochondrial oxidative stress, leading to the occurrence of various diseases. It is well-known that antioxidants can alleviate ALI by scavenging ROS. Nevertheless, more and more studies found that antioxidants have no significant effect on severe organ injury, and may even aggravate organ injury and reduce the survival rate of patients. Our study introduces the application of antioxidants in ALI, and explore the mechanisms of antioxidants failure in various diseases including it.
Highlights
We have summarized the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Acute lung injury (ALI) and antioxidant treatments for ALI, and explored the possible mechanisms of antioxidant failure in various diseases including ALI
The duration of antioxidant supplementation ranges from 28 days to 12 years and the results of this study showed that β-carotene, vitamin E and high doses of vitamin A
Antioxidants once held great promise as a cure for various diseases, but a large number of clinical studies showed that antioxidants could have detrimental effects including increased mortality
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Acute lung injury (ALI) is defined as diffuse pulmonary interstitial edema, alveolar edema and an acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency, caused by damage to alveolar epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells [1]. Considerable progress has been made in the study of the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of ALI/ARDS, its morbidity and mortality remain high [4]. As a standard treatment to support lung oxygenation, mechanical pulmonary ventilation can cause physical damage to the lungs during ventilation, aggravating lung inflammation and the clinical symptoms of patients [6]. Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of pulmonary vascular endothelial cell damage and alveolar epithelial cell dysfunction. ROS can destroy pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and epithelial cells in different ways, which increases pulmonary vascular permeability and promotes the formation of a pulmonary edema [10]. We have summarized the mechanisms of ROS production in ALI and antioxidant treatments for ALI, and explored the possible mechanisms of antioxidant failure in various diseases including ALI
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