Abstract
Heightened activity of osteoclast is considered to be the culprit in breaking the balance during bone remodeling in pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis. As a “foe” of skeletal health, many antiosteoporosis therapies aim to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. However, bone remodeling is a dynamic process that requires the subtle coordination of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Severe suppression of osteoclast differentiation will impair bone formation because of the coupling effect. Thus, understanding the complex roles of osteoclast in maintaining proper bone remodeling is highly warranted to develop better management of osteoporosis. This review aimed to determine the varied roles of osteoclasts in maintaining skeletal health and to highlight the positive roles of osteoclasts in maintaining normal bone remodeling. Generally, osteoclasts interact with osteocytes to initiate targeted bone remodeling and have crosstalk with mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts via secreted factors or cell-cell contact to promote bone formation. We believe that a better outcome of bone remodeling disorders will be achieved when proper strategies are made to coordinate osteoclasts and osteoblasts in managing such disorders.
Highlights
Review ArticleHaixing Wang ,1,2 Guangpu Yang, Yinbo Xiao, Guotian Luo ,4,5 Gang Li ,1,2 and Ziqing Li 6,7
Bone is a dynamic organ that continuously remodels in a well-orchestrated manner to support body-required mechanical characteristics and maintain calcium homeostasis throughout one’s lifetime [1, 2]. is constant remodeling process requires delicate coordination from multiple cell types, in which hematopoietic stem cell- (HSC-) derived osteoclast (OC) lineage and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell- (BMSC-) derived osteoblast (OB) lineage receive the most attention [3,4,5]
Rough cell-cell contact, cell-bone matrix interaction, and paracrine factors, OCs have crosstalk with other bone cells, stem cells, and immune cells in the bone microenvironment, which affects recruitment, differentiation, and function of themselves and the other cells [19,20,21]. is effect of OCs on other cells is more apparent during skeletal aging due to deteriorations on mesenchymal stem cell/ mesenchymal stromal cell- (MSC-) derived osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, while HSC-derived osteoclastogenesis advances with increasing age, thereby gaining the initiative in the bone remodeling process and functioning predominantly over other factors [22,23,24,25]
Summary
Haixing Wang ,1,2 Guangpu Yang, Yinbo Xiao, Guotian Luo ,4,5 Gang Li ,1,2 and Ziqing Li 6,7. Heightened activity of osteoclast is considered to be the culprit in breaking the balance during bone remodeling in pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis. Bone remodeling is a dynamic process that requires the subtle coordination of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Us, understanding the complex roles of osteoclast in maintaining proper bone remodeling is highly warranted to develop better management of osteoporosis. Is review aimed to determine the varied roles of osteoclasts in maintaining skeletal health and to highlight the positive roles of osteoclasts in maintaining normal bone remodeling. Osteoclasts interact with osteocytes to initiate targeted bone remodeling and have crosstalk with mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts via secreted factors or cell-cell contact to promote bone formation. We believe that a better outcome of bone remodeling disorders will be achieved when proper strategies are made to coordinate osteoclasts and osteoblasts in managing such disorders
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