Friedel-oscillations-induced surface magnetic anisotropy

Abstract

We present detailed numerical studies of the magnetic anisotropy energy of a magnetic impurity near the surface of metallic hosts (Au and Cu) that we describe in terms of the tight-binding surface Green's-function technique. We study the case when spin-orbit coupling originates from the $d$ band of the host material and we also investigate the case of a strong local spin-orbit coupling on the impurity itself. The splitting of the impurity's spin states is calculated to leading order in the exchange interaction between the impurity and the host atoms using the diagrammatic Green's-function technique. The magnetic anisotropy constant is an oscillating function of the separation $d$ from the surface. It asymptotically decays as $\ensuremath{\sim}1/{d}^{2}$ and its oscillation period is determined by the extremal vectors of the host's Fermi surface. Our results clearly show that the host-induced magnetic anisotropy energy is by several orders of magnitude smaller than the anisotropy induced by the local mechanism, which provides sufficiently large anisotropy values to explain the size dependence of the Kondo resistance observed experimentally.