Frictional Properties of the TiNbTaZrO Orthodontic Wire-A Laboratory Comparison to Popular Archwires.

Krzysztof Schmeidl,Michal Wieczorowski,Michal Mendak,Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska,Katarzyna Grocholewicz

doi:10.3390/ma14216233

Krzysztof Schmeidl, Michal Wieczorowski + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216233

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Abstract

Background. This study aimed to determine the kinetic frictional force (FF) of the recently produced TiNbTaZrO (Gummetal) orthodontic wire and compare it to the widely used wires of stainless steel (SS), nickel-titanium (NiTi), cobalt-chromium (CoCr) and titanium-molybdenum (TiMo) alloys. Methods. Five types of 0.016″ × 0.022″ wires were ligated with elastic ligatures to 0.018″ × 0.025″ SS brackets. The dynamic FFs between the brackets and ligated wires were measured utilizing a specialized tensile tester machine. Prior sample sizes for different archwires were conducted using power analysis for the general linear models. The existence of significant differences in FF between examined materials was initially confirmed by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with further evidence of pairwise differences by Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference test. Results. The pairwise differences between means of kinetic FFs for NiTi, CoCr, and Gummetal wires were not statistically significant (adjusted p-value > 0.05). Stainless steel alloy presented the lowest FF values significantly different from other groups (adjusted p-value < 0.05). On the contrary, TiMo wires showed significantly greater FFs (adjusted p-value < 0.05) than other alloys. Conclusions. Gummetal orthodontic wire exhibits similar frictional resistance as NiTi and CoCr wires. Bendable TiNbTaZrO wire might be used for sliding mechanics due to its favorable frictional properties.

Highlights

Friction is the force that opposes motion between any surfaces that are in contact [1].Frictional force (FF) in orthodontics occurs at multiple contact points along the bracketarchwire interface during multibracket treatment
The frictional force is a part of the resistance to sliding (RS), such as when a bracket moves along an archwire during orthodontic therapy
Alfonso et al [39] reported that the frictional resistance is affected by the hardness of archwire alloys and published results that present a linear relationship between the hardness of different archwire alloys and the friction coefficients. These findings indicate that the frictional resistance of Gummetal wire might be slightly greater because of its lesser hardness and lower elastic modulus compared to NiTi archwire [24]

Summary

Introduction

Friction is the force that opposes motion between any surfaces that are in contact [1]. Frictional force (FF) in orthodontics occurs at multiple contact points along the bracketarchwire interface during multibracket treatment. Brackets bonded on different tooth surfaces transfer forces to teeth [2,3]. Orthodontic tooth movement depends on static and dynamic friction [4]. Sliding between wire and bracket in the oral cavity occurs at a low velocity. Variables affecting friction between the components of multibracket appliances are related to the type of archwire, the bracket, the ligation system, and biological factors [5,6]

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Conclusion