Abstract
In the design process of a railway vehicle it is crucial to determine the operating temperature of the brake friction elements. The thermal load related to braking depends on both the design of the vehicle and its braking system but also on the operating conditions in service. It is therefore justified to model frictional heating of the friction elements in the design phase. As railway braking differs substantially from automotive or aircraft braking, current review article is focused on the published literature concerning specifically modelling of railway tread and disc brakes. However, to present the complete picture of the state-of-the-art, studies undertaking related topics concerning frictional heating are also discussed. It is concluded that the existing models should be further developed to account for mutual coupling of operation conditions and the coefficient of friction.
Highlights
Friction brake in railway vehicles is used to reduce their speed, maintain it while negotiating a descent or to keep the vehicle stationary
In the design process of the railway vehicle braking system it is of utmost importance to determine the operating temperature of the friction pair
The articles discussed in this review are characterised by diverse aims, i.e. optimisation of the brake disc geometry, optimisation of the brake pad shape, determination of mechanical and thermal stresses, investigation of crack formation and thermoelastic instability phenomenon
Summary
Friction brake in railway vehicles is used to reduce their speed, maintain it while negotiating a descent or to keep the vehicle stationary. Thermal load, which the friction pair will be subject to in operation, is a key issue when designing braking systems and selecting the materials from which friction elements will be manufactured. Friction materials are tested in the reduced scale The disadvantage of this method is that it is not possible to simultaneously represtent all operating conditions and the geometric relations of the friction elements [16, 2]. The mechanical and thermal stresses as well as local overheating resulting from frictional heating in the course of brake application lead to changes in the material structure, cracks and other damage which have negative influence on the life-span of the friction pair. As the requirements concerning durability, reliability and, above all, safety of railway vehicles are more and more demanding, it is crucial to determine thermal loads which friction pair will be subject to under the designed operating conditions. More complex problems are analysed with numerical methods, in particular with finite elements (FEs) method, which is subject of the review presented in this paper
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