Abstract
This work explores the possibility of using friction stir processing to harden the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy material produced by wire-feed electron beam additive manufacturing. For this purpose, thin-walled workpieces of titanium alloy with a height of 30 cm were printed and, after preparation, processed with an FSW-tool made of heat-resistant nickel-based superalloy ZhS6U according to four modes. Studies have shown that the material structure and properties are sensitive to changes in the tool loading force. In contrast, the additive material’s processing direction, relative to the columnar grain growth direction, has no effect. It is shown that increasing the axial load leads to forming a 𝛽-transformed structure and deteriorates the material strength. At the same time, compared to the additive material, the ultimate tensile strength increase during friction stir processing can achieve 34–69%.
Highlights
Titanium alloys are essential structural materials in various industrial applications.Due to their physical and mechanical properties, titanium alloys are used in aircraft, spacecraft and automotive industries [1,2,3]
To evaluate the applicability of friction stir processing technology to additively manufactured titanium alloys, it is necessary to study the specifics of modifying the initial structure of workpieces during FSP and its influence on the formation of defects and mechanical properties in the processed area
After 3D printing, 2.5 mm thick plates were cut from the produced walls, which were subsequently subjected to friction stir processing (Figure 2a)
Summary
Titanium alloys are essential structural materials in various industrial applications.Due to their physical and mechanical properties, titanium alloys are used in aircraft, spacecraft and automotive industries [1,2,3]. As a result of additive manufacturing, the products have a specific structure, mainly represented by elongated columnar grains of primary β-phase [13] This type of structure, and temperature gradients arising in the 3D printing process, lead to structural heterogeneity and anisotropy of mechanical properties in different directions, which on average is about 5% [14]. One promising processing method that can improve the structure and properties of additively manufactured products is friction stir processing (FSP) [18] This method is often used for local hardening of materials, formation of metal matrix composites and other purposes [19]. To evaluate the applicability of friction stir processing technology to additively manufactured titanium alloys, it is necessary to study the specifics of modifying the initial structure of workpieces during FSP and its influence on the formation of defects and mechanical properties in the processed area
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