Abstract

ABSTRACT An empirical correlation for predicting tubular friction pressure for CO2-energized fluids has been derived from both field and laboratory data. This correlation takes into account the effect of crosslinking behavior of the liquid phase on friction pressure. Therefore, it can be used for treatments where CO2-energized fluids are used in conjunction with delayed or rapid crosslinked fluids. The correlation was incorporated into a real time computer program used to calculate bottomhole treating pressure on-site during fracturing treatments with CO2-energized fluids. Several case histories were used to evaluate the correlation. The results presented in this paper have shown significant improvement in predicting the friction pressure for CO2-energized fluids as compared to existing correlations being used in the oil industry.

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