Abstract
Recent studies on the friction of ice are reviewed. Evans et al. (1976) extended the frictional melting theory, which was proposed by Bowden and Hughes (1939), quantitatively into the range of high speed. Schulz and Knappwost (1968) and, Budnevich and Deryagin (1952) carried out friction experiments down to -170°C; the latter did not find the peak of friction which was found by Schulz and Knappwost (1968) at a temperature of -110°C. Tabor and Walker (1970) and Barnes et al. (1971) examined the friction of ice over a wide range of speeds and explained it in terms of creep, plastic flow and fracture of ice, and also by the frictional heating. Offenbacher et al. (1973) found that the frictional resistance is proportional to the real contact area. Tusima (1978) found the anisotropy of friction of ice owing to its crystallographic planes and also to the sliding direction on the same plane, and he proposed the adhesion theory for an explanation of low friction on ice. In the future, the importance of static and rolling friction should be studied further
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