Abstract
Forward extrusion is one of the important processes in bulk metal forming. Friction stress can be estimated from the slope of the load-displacement curve at the steady state after the maximum load in a forward extrusion test. In this paper, forward rod extrusion tests are carried out to determine experimentally friction stress at various normal pressures, reductions in area, billet heights and lubrications. Tested materials include aluminium alloy, low carbon steel and stainless steel. Two lubrication methods are applied, conversion coating followed by either alkaline soap or molybdenum disulphide as the lubricant. Friction stresses are obtained from measurements of slopes of extrusion pressure-punch travel curves at the steady state stage. Normal pressures are evaluated by using Mohr's circle, in which shear flow stresses are estimated at the maximum elastic deformation points from the same extrusion pressure-punch travel curves. It is found that the relationship between normal pressure and friction stress appears linear, and therefore Coulomb's friction model fits the experimental data very well. Extrusion pressure-punch travel curves before the steady state can be divided into four stages: elastic deformation, filling container deformation, filling die aperture deformation and exiting inhomogeneous deformation.
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Schedule a callMore From: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology
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