Abstract
The friction and wear behavior of titanium-implanted bearing steel (AISI-52100) has been shown to depend critically on the near-surface composition, as determined by the implantation conditions. Friction, in turn, is believed to be controlled by wear debris, which have been found to consist mainly of oxides. In order to investigate the role of oxides, transfer films formed on non-implanted, titanium-implanted and oxidized substrates have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy and by Auger spectroscopy. Wear debris contained mainly iron oxides and titanium oxides and, occasionally, metallic iron. A mixture of Fe 2O 3 + Ti 2O 3 was obtained from a Ti +-implanted surface. Fe 3O 4 debris also developed in non-implanted substrates, but not in titanium-implanted substrates. The morphology of wear debris was highly dependent on the implantation conditions. Very thin flake debris were seen after Ti + and (Ti + + C +) implantation (and on TiC-coated steel) and are associated with low friction coefficients. Spherical debris were formed from non-implanted substrates and oxidized implanted substrates. Friction coefficients and wear behavior will be discussed in terms of chemistry of debris, adhesion between surface and debris, and the tribomechanical behavior of superficial layers.
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