Abstract
The friction and wear behavior of palladium (Pd)-rich amorphous alloy (Pd43Cu27Ni10P20) against 440C stainless steel under ionic liquids as lubricants, i.e., 1-nonyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethane)sulfonyl]amide ([C9C1im][NTf2]), were investigated using a ball-on-disc reciprocating tribometer at ambient, 100 and 200 °C with different sliding speeds of 3 and 7 mm/s, whose results were compared to those from crystalline Pd samples. The measured coefficient of friction (COF) and wear were affected by both temperature and sliding speed. The COF of crystalline Pd samples dramatically increased when the temperature increased, whereas the COF of the amorphous Pd alloy samples remained low. As the sliding speed increased, the COF of both Pd samples showed decreasing trends. From the analysis of a 3D surface profilometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) data, three types of wear (i.e., delamination, adhesive, and abrasive wear) were observed on the crystalline Pd surfaces, whereas the amorphous Pd alloy surfaces produced abrasive wear only. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed to study the formation of tribofilm. It was found that the chemical reactivity at the contacting interface increased with temperature and sliding contact speed. The ionic liquids (ILs) were effective as lubricants when the applied temperature and sliding speed were 200 °C and 7 mm/s, respectively.
Highlights
High friction and excessive wear due to sliding contact in mechanical components such as bearings and gears can cause undesirable energy loss and early system failures [1]
We investigated the thickness of the tribofilm on the Pd sample surfaces with respect to temperature using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
The tribological behavior of crystalline Pd and amorphous Pd alloy samples against 440C stainless steel ball under the ionic liquids (ILs) ([C9 C1 im][NTf2 ]) lubrication was investigated in relation to temperature and contact speed (3 and 7 mm/s), where constant normal load of 100 gf was applied
Summary
High friction and excessive wear due to sliding contact in mechanical components such as bearings and gears can cause undesirable energy loss and early system failures [1]. 9, 1180 of 14 thermal stability, non-flammability, high viscosity, miscibility with organic compounds, and negligible vapor pressure [2,3,4,5,6]. These special properties of ILs make them potential lubricants under thermal stability, non-flammability, viscosity, miscibility with organic compounds, and negligible extreme conditions experienced inhigh applications, such as internal combustion engines, turbines, vapor pressure [2,3,4,5,6] These special properties of ILs make them potential lubricants under hydraulic systems, compressors, transmissions, bearings, and aerospace applications [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. These special properties of ILs make them potential lubricants under hydraulic systems, compressors, transmissions, bearings, and aerospace applications [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. extreme conditions in applications, suchthat as internal combustion engines, ILs areexperienced room-temperature molten salts consist of cations and anions turbines,
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