Abstract
Conventional chromium plating has a considerably higher wear resistance than electroless nickel, heat-treated electroless nickel, electroplated nickel, heat-treated chromium and crack-free chromium coatings in all tests, even though it does not have the highest hardness. The ranking order of the other coatings depends upon the dominant material removal mechanism and can change from test to test. Transitions between severe and mild wear occur in electroless nickel and chromium owing to changes in phase, brittleness and scratch indentation size effects. Heat treatment effects the transition by crystallizing the amorphous electroless nickel, variation of the electroplating conditions alters the crystal structure of chromium and reduction of the scratch size changes the dominant material removal mechanism from fracture to plastic deformation. The relative merits of each coating and the role of laboratory data in coatings selection and design are discussed.
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