Abstract
In recent years, environmental issues have raised the demand to protect the environment against the pollution caused by the uncontrolled spillage of lubricating oils. One solution is using Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants (EALs), however, these oils are more expensive than the common mineral oils. The consumers require to test the oil performance using test machines but testing in real machines is costly and time-consuming. Small test machines like ball-on-disc have been previously used for friction mapping and ranking gear oils. In this paper, the friction maps are measured from 0.65 GPa to 1.25 GPa, and temperature maps are devised to experimentally simulate the gear contact along the line of action. Results illustrate that EALs can provide up to 60 % better frictional efficiency that leads to 20 oC cooler oil temperature in high-pressure contacts operating under elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) regime.
Highlights
Environmental awareness has grown in recent years, and different industries are changing their values to decrease environmental damages
Results illustrate that Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants (EALs) can provide up to 60 % better frictional efficiency that leads to 20 °C cooler oil temperature in high-pressure contacts operating under elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) regime
A 2D friction map is derived by projecting the 3D map to the plane of Ue-sliding-to-rolling ratios (SRRs) while keeping the friction contours and the color variations that illustrate the changes of coefficient of friction (COF)
Summary
Environmental awareness has grown in recent years, and different industries are changing their values to decrease environmental damages. Accepted lubricants (EALs) with low toxicity, and high biodegradability (≥60%) [1], are considerably less harmful to the environment and can be used in environmentally sensitive areas like marine industry and wind turbines. These oils are introduced to the market since the 1970s [2], and still, the oil manufacturers are optimizing their tribological performance. They have lower friction [3,4,5] and higher thermal conductivity compared to the mineral oil [6] Their lower friction coefficient signifies less energy loss in the machine components like gears. Modeling has been the topic of several studies to investigate the friction [7,8,9,10,11] and temperature variation [12,13] of gears
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