FRI-08 ON DIFFERENT SHORES: REYNALDO DOS SANTOS OF LISBON AND MOSES SWICK OF NEW YORK, THE FATHERS OF MODERN UROLOGIC IMAGING

Abstract

You have accessJournal of UrologyHistory of Urology: History Forum I1 Apr 2016FRI-08 ON DIFFERENT SHORES: REYNALDO DOS SANTOS OF LISBON AND MOSES SWICK OF NEW YORK, THE FATHERS OF MODERN UROLOGIC IMAGING Lorenzo Marconi, Jonathan Bloom, and John Phillips Lorenzo MarconiLorenzo Marconi More articles by this author , Jonathan BloomJonathan Bloom More articles by this author , and John PhillipsJohn Phillips More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.093AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The dawn of imaging in urology occurred because of the work of Moses Swick (1900-1985) and Reynaldo Dos Santos (1880-1970). Their success stemmed from intuition and perseverance but whose ultimate trajectory in life diverged as a result of war and politics. An international biographical effort was needed to best illustrate the resilient value of their individual contributions to the betterment of science and medicine. METHODS Primary biographical material was obtained from the Mt. Sinai Library of Medicine (New York); New York Academy of Medicine (New York); the House of Reynaldo and Irene Quilho Dos Santos (Portugal); and the Museum of the Faculty of Medicine University of Lisbon (Portugal). RESULTS Moses Swick saw the potential of iodinated antibiotics that weakly revealed the urinary organs under X-ray. Swick worked with Arthur Binz to demethylate an ophthalmologically toxic precursor to Iopax which Swick used to demonstrate the first known intravenous pyelogram (IVP) with Alexander von Lichtenberg (1880-1949) in 1929. The two announced their findings at the German Urologic Association meeting that November. Meanwhile, the Portuguese urologist Reynaldo Dos Santos had worked on carotid angiography and saw the potential of Swick's work. Dos Santos pioneered the world's first aortogram and renal angiogram. Dos Santos used a translumbar aortic puncture and devised a pump to introduce a solution of pure sodium iodide controlling time, velocity and infusion pressure. Swick and Dos Santos both published their work on IVPs and aortography, respectively, in 1929. Swick and von Lichtenberg, however, had a falling out over the order of authorship on their work and Swick was not allowed to speak at the 1930 AUA meeting in New York. Swick was eventually honored by the New York Section of the AUA in 1965 with the Valentine Medal and in 1978 the United States Congress declared that he had made “one of the five major contributions to medicine by an individual”. Dos Santos, in contrast, was lauded throughout his life in Portugal for both his medical discoveries and his work as an art historian. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth, founded the National Academy of Portugal, and was awarded the Grand Cross by Spain. CONCLUSIONS Swick and Dos Santos were geniuses who saw the potential of imaging technology that gave rise to modern urology. Their stories illustrate well how discoveries and careers are influenced by the gifts of intellect, collaboration, and the slings and arrows of human intrigues. © 2016FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 195Issue 4SApril 2016Page: e528 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016MetricsAuthor Information Lorenzo Marconi More articles by this author Jonathan Bloom More articles by this author John Phillips More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...