Abstract
South American freshwater stingrays, which lack the high urea content characteristics of all marine and euryhaline elasmobranchs, fail to build up their urea concentration appreciably even when exposed to a saline environment gradually increased to a concentration approaching that of full strength sea water over a period of as much as six days. In a hypertonic external medium, osmolality of body fluid rises somewhat, but largely by an increase of sodium chloride rather than by urea accumulation.
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