Abstract
Providing drinkable water for people is one of the crux duties of any government worldwide. As long, Oman classified among countries that suffer from a shortage of water resources, therefore finding any new sources of water is considered as very substantial work. In present work, a research was carried out on a massive quantity of water that is released out from cooling air-conditioning system in humid zones in Oman as byproduct water. The results showed that the average quantity of water gained from one AC in chosen cities was about 2 L/h, 1.9 L/h, and 1.7 L/h in Muscat, Sohar, and Al-Buraimi respectively. The results exposed that the water was almost distilled water with a pH of about 7. The electrical conductivity was very low, within the range of 45 µS/cm and less. The turbidity of the tested water was low as well, in the range of about 0.6 NTU. Additionally, it was found that solar disinfection technique was very effective to inactivate the existing bacteria in the examined water. A temperature of about 43 °C can be reached after solar irradiation for 2 h with transparent bottles. While, a temperature of around 84 °C was achieved on a sunny day after 6 h of irradiation time. The significant result of the solar disinfection was that the complete inactivation of bacteria could be achieved with an irradiation period of 2–4 h, depending on the number of bacteria per unit volume and the weather state. Moreover, some of the gained water was converted into drinking water after adding some required elements, filtration and disinfection by solar energy. Also, it is strongly recommended to use the released drain-water from cooling air-conditioning systems in the electrolysis unit cells for hydrogen gas production in conjugation with solar energy.
Highlights
Water-security is a strategic aspiration of life around the world, especially drinking water
These differences are logical because of having different areas of water collection, which certainly differ in their environmental conditions
This situation inevitably leads to the differences in the physical and chemical properties of the collected water, especially its electrical conductivity and the turbidity
Summary
Water-security is a strategic aspiration of life around the world, especially drinking water. Most of its natural water resources are groundwater and rainwater stored by Drinking water can be produced by direct treatment of rivers water as most of them are low salinity, germs, and bacteria, depending on the environmental protection rules followed by each country to avoid contamination. This method is adopted in countries that have rivers such as European countries, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, etc. Countries with no rivers rely on some other resources to supply drinking water, such as groundwater, water desalination in several ways. Examples of the last one are reverse osmosis, distillation of pond water and seawater by solar energy [4,5,6,7,8,9,10], and evaporation and condensation
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