Freshwater lakes in the Western Himalayan Region: An analysis of the present situation

Abstract

Freshwater lakes in the Western Himalayan region play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and providing crucial ecosystem services. However, these lakes are currently facing various challenges due to anthropogenic activities, climate change, and natural processes. This study aims to analyze the present situation of freshwater lakes in the Western Himalayan region, focusing on their water quality, biodiversity, and conservation status. The Western Himalayan Range comprises the majority of the Indian Himalayas and includes the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand. The Western Himalayan Range is vulnerable to both the whims of nature and human interference because it is a mountainous location. There are a total of 38 lakes present in Uttarakhand, 40 lakes in Himachal Pradesh, and 22 lakes in the Jammu and Kashmir region are present. The quantity of contaminants has elevated as the lake's water has decreased because of the growth in and around it. Agricultural runoff, untreated sewage discharge, and silt from nearby catchments have all caused the lake's water quality to decline. Due to higher nutrient levels, which lead to an abundance of algae and macrophytes, certain lakes are eutrophic. These lakes often contain low quantities of dissolved oxygen in their lowest layers and they frequently have limited transparency. Bioindicator species can be introduced to evaluate the current scenario of freshwater lakes. Because various species of Plankton rapidly respond to any environmental change,thus also known as bioindicators. Various type of mitigation measures such as plantation of trees in the catchment area, awareness among the public, solid waste managements and continuous monitoring will be helpful in lake management. The present situation of freshwater lakes in the Western Himalayan region demands immediate attention and concerted efforts for their conservation. Addressing water quality degradation, protecting biodiversity, and promoting sustainable practices are crucial for the long-term survival and ecological sustainability of these lakes. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and conservation practitioners to develop strategies and policies that can mitigate the challenges faced by these unique freshwater ecosystems.