Abstract
An increasing number of cancer patients worldwide, especially in third world countries, have raised concern to explore natural drug resources, such as the less explored fresh water filamentous cyanobacteria. Six strains of cyanobacteria (Phormidium sp. CCC727, Geitlerinema sp. CCC728, Arthrospira sp. CCC729, Phormidium sp. CCC731, Phormidium sp. CCC730, and Leptolyngbya sp. CCC732) were isolated (paddy fields and ponds in the Banaras Hindu University, campus) and five strains screened for anticancer potential using human colon adenocarcinoma (HT29) and human kidney adenocarcinoma (A498) cancer cell lines. Geitlerinema sp. CCC728 and Arthrospira sp. CCC729 were the most potent as determined by examination of morphological features and by inhibition of growth by graded concentrations of crude extracts and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) eluates. Cell cycle analysis and multiplex assays using cancer biomarkers also confirmed Geitlerinema sp. CCC728 and Arthrospira sp. CCC729 as cancer drug resources. Apoptotic studies in the cells of A498 (cancer) and MCF-10A (normal human epithelial) exposed to crude extracts and TLC fractions revealed no significant impact on MCF-10A cells emphasizing its importance in the development of anticancer drug. Identification of biomolecules from these extracts are in progress.
Highlights
More than 60% of the world’s total cancer cases (14 million new cases per year) occur in Africa, Asia, and Central and South America, and these regions account for ~70% of cancer deaths in the world (13 million per year) [1]
Phylogenetic relationship clearly demonstrated that Arthrospira sp
The cyanobacterial crude extracts caused shrinkage in cancer cells as well as dispersion of aggregated HT29 cells but not A498 cells, indicating their response when compared with cells with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) only
Summary
More than 60% of the world’s total cancer cases (14 million new cases per year) occur in Africa, Asia, and Central and South America, and these regions account for ~70% of cancer deaths in the world (13 million per year) [1]. A number of chemotherapeutic agents (60% of the approved drugs) for cancer are sourced from natural compounds [2]. Da Rocha et al have reviewed the importance of natural drug resources, including microbes [3]. Fresh Water Cyanobacteria as Anticancer Drug Resource Cyanobacteria, the PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0136838 September 1, 2015
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