Frequency-Domain Photon Migration for Applications in the Biotechnology, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Industry

Abstract

A method is presented to characterize concentrated suspensions of particles using frequency-domain photon migration in order to demonstrate its potential for online monitoring in the pharmaceutical and chemical based industries as well as for the basis of. In this study, the isotropic scattering coefficient was determined from FDPM measurements conducted at wavelengths between 448 and 835 nm using surfactant stabilized polystyrene latices of 195 to 335 nm mean diameter, 7-19 % polydispersity and concentrations between 1 and 40% by volume. Upon using the Percus-Yevick model for static structure of monodisperse spheres to account for hindered scattering in the inverse solution, determination of the volume fraction and mean particle diameter were considerably improved size at solids volume fractions of 10% or greater. Owing to (i) the relative refractive index of polystyrene in water, (ii) the inaccuracy of the first order particle interaction model for suspensions with polydispersity >8%, and (iii) the minimal number of wavelengths used, it was difficult to recover the variance of the unimodal particle size distribution for latices. Metal oxides provide better results but have other limitations. Nonetheless, this work demonstrates the use of time-dependent measurements of multiply scattered light to characterize suspensions with solids volume fractions greater than 10%. Applications in the biotechnology, chemical, and pharmaceutical industry are presented.