Abstract
Inhalation anesthetics (e.g. isoflurane) are preferable for longitudinal fMRI experiments in the same animals. We previously implemented isoflurane anesthesia for rodent forepaw stimulation studies, and optimized the stimulus parameters with short stimuli (1–3-s long stimulation with ten electric pulses). These parameters, however, may not be applicable for long periods of stimulation because repetitive stimuli induce neural adaptation. Here we evaluated frequency-dependent responses (pulse width of 1.0ms and current of 1.5mA) for 30-s long stimulation under 1.3–1.5% isoflurane anesthesia. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) response (using laser Doppler flowmetry: CBFLDF) and field potential (FP) changes were simultaneously measured for nine stimulus frequencies (1–24Hz). CBF (using arterial spin labeling: CBFASL) and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) fMRI responses were measured at 9.4T for four stimulus frequencies (1.5–12Hz). Higher stimulus frequencies (12–24Hz) produced a larger FP per unit time initially, but decreased more rapidly later due to neural adaptation effects. On the other hand, lower stimulus frequencies (1–3Hz) induced smaller, but sustained FP activities over the entire stimulus period. Similar frequency-dependencies were observed in CBFLDF, CBFASL and BOLD responses. A linear relationship between FP and CBFLDF was observed for all stimulus frequencies. Stimulation frequency for the maximal cumulative neural and hemodynamic changes is dependent on stimulus duration; 8–12Hz for short stimulus durations (<10s) and 6–8Hz for 30-s stimulation. Our findings suggest that neural adaptation should be considered in determining the somatosensory stimulation frequency and duration under isoflurane anesthesia.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.