Abstract
Investigations into the frequency-temperature behavior of AT-type quartz resonators have revealed differences between natural and synthetic quartz. The differences refer mainly to a shift of the optimum angle of orientation by a few minutes of arc and to a slight change of the frequency-temperature characteristic itself. To describe the frequency-temperature behavior analytically, the measured change of frequency vs temperature can be developed in a power series, determined by first, second, and third-order temperature coefficients. In the temperature range from -60 to +100°C. higher-order temperature coefficients can be neglected. For a large number of AT-type resonators of various angles made from natural and several kinds of synthetic quartz, the temperature coefficients, and their variation with the angle have been determined. It is possible to modify the properties of synthetic quartz by introducing other elements during the growing process. An example is quartz grown in an alkaline solution containing germanium dioxide. Measurements have been made on AT-type resonators cut from such synthetic quartz. The third-order temperature coefficient for the AT-type resonator is found noticeably reduced; the frequency-temperature curves are flattened over a wider temperature range.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.