Abstract
This paper presents a novel one-dimensional (1D) frequency scanning dual-slot-waveguide array antenna with versatile advantages such as large scan volume, high frequency sensitivity, low cross-polarization and low sidelobe. Electromagnetic waves radiate through the leaky-wave dual slots, machined on the side chambers of the single-ridge serpentine waveguide. By properly designing the serpentine waveguide, which plays the role of delay line, such 1D frequency scanning array antenna can achieve 39° scanning over a frequency range from 9.7 GHz to 10.3 GHz, and high frequency sensitivity of 65°/GHz. The dual slots with all the adjacent monomers inclined in same direction are designed to acquire low cross-polarization and avoid high-order mode radiation. The cross-polarization is 45 dB lower than the corresponding co-polarization over the whole working band. Taylor aperture distribution is employed to achieve a low sidelobe (−21 dB). The nonresonance VSWR is below 1.2, and meanwhile the resonance VSWR remains a low level, around 2.5. Furthermore, our proposed 1D array as a building block can compose a novel 2D electric scanning array, with frequency scanning in one dimension and phase scanning in the orthogonal dimension. A 2D array consisting of three waveguide elements is simulated to predict the phase scanning performance, and the results indicate that a 120° scanning performance can be obtained. At last, a 1D serpentine dual-slot-waveguide array antenna is fabricated, whose measurements show good agreement with simulations.
Highlights
Electronic scanning antennas are widely used in modern radar and communication systems for their controllable beams
Elliott has reported an edge slot frequency scanning array (FSA) based on a snaked X-band rectangular waveguide [10], which can scan the beam from 69◦ to 102◦ over 6% frequency band
A frequency scanning dual-slot-waveguide array is studied in this paper
Summary
Electronic scanning antennas are widely used in modern radar and communication systems for their controllable beams. The equivalent propagation constant can vary with the length of the meandering slow-wave line Such FSA can scan from backfire to endfire with high frequency sensitivity, which means the beam angle scans quickly with less frequency resources. Elliott has reported an edge slot FSA based on a snaked X-band rectangular waveguide [10], which can scan the beam from 69◦ to 102◦ over 6% frequency band It is bulky and can not form a large 2D electric scanning array. As a slow-wave structure, the serpentine waveguide provides expected phase delay to the slots, which radiate electromagnetic fields by cutting the currents in the waveguide Such 1D array antenna can work alone, or as a subarray element to compose a 2D array via putting tens of waveguides together.
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