Frequency regulation of hybrid multi-area power system using wild horse optimizer based new combined Fuzzy Fractional-Order PI and TID controllers

Abstract

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into modern power systems may reflect the problem of frequency stabilization. Therefore, this paper proposes a new combined Fuzzy Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral (FOPI) and Tilt-Integral-Derivative (TID) controller to improve the frequency response of a hybrid power system. The proposed controller combines the advantages of intelligent Fuzzy FOPI and conventional TID controllers, resulting in more effective and robust load frequency control. In this study, the parameters of the proposed Fuzzy FOPI + TID combination are optimized using a novel metaheuristic algorithm, namely Wild Horse Optimizer (WHO). The case study system is a two-area conventional power system integrated with different RES including photovoltaic (PV) and wind generation as well as distributed electric vehicles (EVs) between the two areas. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is tested under various scenarios such as step load perturbation, random load variation, wind speed fluctuation, solar irradiance change and sensitivity analysis. In addition, the disturbance of wave energy oscillation is applied in Area 2 to evaluate the robustness of the proposed controller. For each scenario, the proposed Fuzzy FOPI + TID controller is compared with the conventional PID, single TID, and individual Fuzzy FOPI controllers using the proposed WHO algorithm and other optimization algorithms presented in the previous literature. The results show that the proposed FOPI + TID controller is superior to other controllers in terms of integral square error, peak overshoot, maximum undershoot and settling time for all scenarios. Furthermore, the presence of EVs helps in improving the frequency and tie-line power deviations. Finally, the time domain simulations are implemented using Matlab/Simulink.